牌

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牌 U+724C, 牌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-724C
← 牋
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牍 →

Translingual

Han character

牌 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中中竹竹十 (LLHHJ), four-corner 26040, composition ⿰片卑)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 693, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19854
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1106, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2016, character 28
  • Unihan data for U+724C

Chinese

trad. 牌
simp. # 牌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
捭 *preːʔ
牌 *breː, *breː
郫 *breː, *bre, *be
蠯 *breː, *be, *breːŋʔ
猈 *breːʔ, *breː
稗 *breːs
粺 *breːs
𥱼 *breː
豍 *peː
箄 *peː, *pe, *peʔ
錍 *pʰeː, *pe
睥 *pʰeːs
渒 *pʰeːs, *pe
鼙 *beː
鞞 *beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ
椑 *beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ
崥 *beː, *peʔ
髀 *beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ
卑 *pe
鵯 *pe, *pʰiɡ
裨 *pe, *be
痺 *pe
碑 *pre
婢 *peʔ, *beʔ
諀 *pʰeʔ
脾 *be
埤 *be
陴 *be
蜱 *be, *mbew
焷 *be
螷 *be, *breːŋʔ
庳 *beʔ
琕 *biːŋ
萆 *beɡ, *slɯʔ
綼 *biɡ, *peːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • bai2 - literary;
  • be2 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 牌 牌
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 薄佳切 步皆切
Baxter bea beaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠɛ/ /bˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚæ/ /bᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bæi/ /bɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/baɨj/ /bəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/bɛ/ /bɛi/
Wang
Li 		/bai/ /bɐi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱai/ /bʱăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pái pái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		paai4 paai4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牌 牌
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 349 355
Phonetic
component 		卑 卑
Rime
group 		支 支
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		牌 排
Old
Chinese 		/*breː/ /*breː/

Definitions

牌

  1. board; plate
  2. † census plate
  3. signboard; placard; sign; tablet
  4. brand; trademark
    椰樹牌／椰树牌  ―  Yēshù pái  ―  “Coconut Palm” brand
  5. † nameplate
  6. † Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels.
  7. (card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)
    打牌  ―  dǎpái  ―  to play cards
    洗牌  ―  xǐpái  ―  to shuffle cards
    我就剩一張牌了！ [MSC, trad.]
    我就剩一张牌了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jiù shèng yī zhāng pái le!
    I have only one card left!
  8. (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose)
    中方警告印度不要打「西藏牌」。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Zhōngfāng jǐnggào Yìndù bùyào dǎ “Xīcáng pái”.
    China warns India not to play the “Tibet card”.
  9. (Hong Kong) licence (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    無牌／无牌 [Cantonese]  ―  mou4 paai4   ―  unlicensed
    考牌 [Cantonese]  ―  haau2 paai4   ―  to take a test for a licence
  10. list (of prices)
  11. shield
  12. memorial (gateway or building)
  13. pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu)
  14. manner; air; shape
  15. (Cantonese) medal (Classifier: 塊／块 c)
    攞牌／𫽋牌 [Cantonese]  ―  lo2 paai4-2   ―  to win a medal
  16. (Southern Min) plaque; memorial tablet
  17. (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round
  18. a surname: Pai

Synonyms

  • (brand):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牌):
  • → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
  • → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
  • → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

Others:

  • → Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)
  • → Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)
  • → Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)
  • → Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)
  • → Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)
  • → Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)
  • → White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)
  • → Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

References

  • “牌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “牌”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 170.

Japanese

Kanji

牌

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc.
  2. sign, placard
  3. playing card, mahjong tile
  4. shield, buckler

Readings

  • Go-on: べ (be)
  • Kan-on: はい (hai)
  • Kun: ふだ (fuda, 牌)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 牌 (MC bea|beaj).

Hanja

牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae))

  1. hanja form? of 패 (“tablet”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

牌: Hán Nôm readings: bài, bìa, bời

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