牝馬
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Chinese
| female | horse; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (牝馬) | 牝 | 馬 | |
| simp. (牝马) | 牝 | 马 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pìnmǎ
- Wade–Giles: pʻin4-ma3
- Yale: pìn-mǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pinnmaa
- Palladius: пиньма (pinʹma)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: pan5 maa5
- Yale: páhn máh
- Cantonese Pinyin: pan5 maa5
- Guangdong Romanization: pen5 ma5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn¹³ maː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pīn-má
- Tâi-lô: pīn-má
- Phofsit Daibuun: pixnmar
- IPA (Xiamen): /pin²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Noun
牝馬
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 母馬 (“female horse; mare”)
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 牝 | 馬 |
| ひん Hyōgai |
ば Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | |
From Middle Chinese 牝馬 (MC bjijX maeX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
- mare (female horse)
Usage notes
- Now the most common term for mare in Japanese.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 牝 | 馬 |
| め Hyōgai |
うま Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 雌馬 |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
- mare (female horse)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 牝 | 馬 |
| め Hyōgai |
ま Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | |
Attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[2]
Noun
- mare (female horse)