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牯牛. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
牯牛, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
牯牛 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
牯牛 you have here. The definition of the word
牯牛 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
牯牛, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Noun
牯牛
- bull; ox (especially castrated)
- (literary) cow (female)
- (Wuhu and Hefei Mandarin) water buffalo
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
公牛 (“bull; ox”)
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
犅, 特, 犆 †, 牯 †, 犍 †, 犗 †
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 犍牛 †, 閹牛 †, 種牛 ‡
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
公牛
|
| Taiwan
|
公牛
|
| Langfang
|
牤牛
|
| Ulanhot
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Tongliao
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Chifeng
|
牤牛
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Harbin
|
牤子, 牤牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Shenyang
|
牤子
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Tangshan
|
牤牛
|
| Cangzhou
|
公牛
|
| Baoding
|
牤子
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
牤牛
|
| Jinan
|
牤牛, 公牛, 犍子 †
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
犍子, 蛋犍子
|
| Qingdao
|
公牛
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
公牛
|
| Daming
|
毛牛
|
| Wanrong
|
𤙎牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Zhengzhou
|
牤牛, 老犍 †
|
| Xi'an
|
公牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Xining
|
公牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Xuzhou
|
牤牛, 牤犍 †, 犍子 †
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
騷牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Bayanhot
|
公牛, 犍牛
|
| Lanzhou
|
騷牛, 脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Ürümqi
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Wuhan
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Guiyang
|
牯牛, 騷牯
|
| Kunming
|
公牛
|
| Guilin
|
公牛
|
| Liuzhou
|
公牛, 牛牯, 閹牯 †
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
牯子, 騷牯子, 公牛 †
|
| Yangzhou
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Nantong
|
公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Hefei
|
犍牛, 牯牛
|
| Huanggang
|
牯牛
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛公, 公牛
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
牛公
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
牛公
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
牛牯
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
牛牯
|
| Macau
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
生牯, 牛牯 †
|
| Foshan
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
牛牯
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
牛公
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
牛公
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
牛公
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
牛牯
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
牛牯
|
| Taishan
|
牛牯, 牛公
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
牛牯
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
牛公
|
| Dongguan
|
牛公
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
牛公
|
| Qingyuan
|
牛牯
|
| Fogang
|
牛牯
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
牛公
|
| Yangshan
|
牛牯
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
牛牯
|
| Shaoguan
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Renhua
|
牛牯
|
| Lechang
|
牛牯
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
牛牯
|
| Sihui
|
牛牯
|
| Guangning
|
牛牯
|
| Deqing
|
牛公
|
| Huaiji
|
牛公
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
牛牯
|
| Yunfu
|
牛牯
|
| Xinxing
|
牛牯
|
| Luoding
|
牛牯
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
牛牯
|
| Yangjiang
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Xinyi
|
牛牯
|
| Lianjiang
|
牛公
|
| Nanning
|
牛公
|
| Wuzhou
|
牛牯
|
| Yulin
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Danzhou
|
公牛
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
牛公
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
牛公
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
牛牯, 樣牯子, 驐牯子 †
|
| Lichuan
|
牛牯, 結牛 †
|
| Pingxiang
|
牛牯, 牯牛, 閹牛牯 †
|
| Guixi
|
閹牯 †
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
牛牯, 牛牯仔
|
| Xingning
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
牛牯, 牛公
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
牛公, 牛牯仔
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
牛牯
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
牛牯
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Liannan
|
牛牯
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
牛牯
|
| Jiexi
|
牛牯
|
| Changting
|
牛牯
|
| Wuping
|
牛牯
|
| Ninghua
|
牛牯
|
| Yudu
|
牛牯
|
| Ruijin
|
牛牯 †
|
| Shicheng
|
牛牯
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
牛牯
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
牛牯
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
牛牯
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
牛牯
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
牛牯
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
牛牯
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
牛牯
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛牯
|
| Luchuan
|
牛牯
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
牛牯頭
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
牛牯
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
牛牯
|
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
牛牯
|
| Singkawang
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
牯牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Huangshan (Tunxi)
|
公牛
|
| Yixian
|
牯牛, 犍牯
|
| Qimen
|
牯牛, 騷牯, 犍牯 †
|
| Wuyuan
|
牛牯仂
|
| Fuliang
|
牯牛 †
|
| Dexing
|
牛牯, 肉牛 †
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
公牛
|
| Pingyao
|
牙牛
|
| Xinzhou
|
公牛, 犍牛
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
牤牛
|
| Linhe
|
騷牛
|
| Jining
|
犍牛
|
| Hohhot
|
牤牛
|
| Baotou
|
犍牛
|
| Dongsheng
|
公牛
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
犍牛
|
| Handan
|
犍牛
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
牛牯
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
牛牯
|
| Songxi
|
牛牯
|
| Zhenghe
|
牛牯
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
牛牯, 羯牯 †
|
| Jianyang
|
牛牯
|
| Wuyishan
|
牛牯
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
牛牯
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
牛犅
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
牛犅
|
| Fuqing
|
牛犅
|
| Yongtai
|
牛犅
|
| Gutian
|
牛角
|
| Fu'an
|
牛牯
|
| Ningde
|
牛犅
|
| Shouning
|
牛牯
|
| Zhouning
|
牛牯
|
| Fuding
|
牛牯
|
| Matsu
|
牛犅
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
牛犅
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
牛犅
|
| Quanzhou
|
牛犅
|
| Jinjiang
|
牛犅
|
| Yongchun
|
牛犅, 牛牯 ‡
|
| Zhangzhou
|
牛犅 †
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
牛犅
|
| Dongshan
|
牛公
|
| Taipei
|
牛犅
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
牛犅
|
| Kaohsiung
|
牛犅
|
| Yilan
|
牛犅
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
牛公, 牛犅仔
|
| Taichung
|
牛公
|
| Tainan
|
牛犅
|
| Hsinchu
|
牛犅
|
| Kinmen
|
牛犅
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
牛犅
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
牛公, 牛犅
|
| Zhangping
|
牛犅
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
牛牯, 牛犅
|
| Datian
|
牛犅
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
公牛
|
| Chaozhou
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
公牛
|
| Jieyang
|
牛牯
|
| Haifeng
|
牛牯
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
牛公
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
牛牯
|
| Leizhou
|
牛牯, 牛閹 †
|
| Wenchang
|
牛牯
|
| Haikou
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
牛犅, 牛哥, 公牛
|
| Xianyou
|
牛哥
|
| Fuding (Aoyao)
|
牛牯
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
牛牯
|
| Sanming (Sanyuan)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
牛翁
|
| Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
雄牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
雄牛
|
| Shanghai (Jiading)
|
牯牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
牯牛
|
| Suzhou
|
雄牛, 牯牛
|
| Wuxi
|
雄牛
|
| Danyang
|
公牛
|
| Hangzhou
|
公牛
|
| Ningbo
|
雄牛, 羯牛 †
|
| Wenzhou
|
牛牯
|
| Jinhua
|
雄牛, 牛牯, 羯牛 †
|
| Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
羯牯
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子
|
| Xiangtan
|
牯牛
|
| Shuangfeng
|
牛牯
|
| Quanzhou
|
牯牛, 閹牛 †
|
| Note
|
† - bullock; ‡ - stud
|
Dialectal synonyms of
母牛 (“(female) cow”)
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
牯, 牝牛
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
母牛
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
母牛
|
| Taiwan
|
母牛
|
| Ulanhot
|
乳牛
|
| Tongliao
|
乳牛
|
| Chifeng
|
乳牛
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
乳牛
|
| Harbin
|
母牛, 乳牛, 女牛
|
| Shenyang
|
女牛
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
氏牛, 母牛
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
牸牛
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
母牛, 牸牛
|
| Wanrong
|
騇牛
|
| Zhengzhou
|
兕牛
|
| Xi'an
|
母牛, 乳牛
|
| Xining
|
乳牛
|
| Xuzhou
|
母牛, 牸牛
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
乳牛
|
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
乳牛
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
乳牛
|
| Bayanhot
|
乳牛
|
| Lanzhou
|
乳牛
|
| Ürümqi
|
母牛
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
母牛, 騇牛
|
| Wuhan
|
母牛
|
| Guiyang
|
母牛, 牸牛
|
| Kunming
|
母牛
|
| Guilin
|
母牛
|
| Liuzhou
|
母牛, 牛婆
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
母牛, 騇牛 suburbs
|
| Yangzhou
|
牸牛, 母牛
|
| Nantong
|
母牛, 牸牛
|
| Hefei
|
母牛, 騇牛
|
| Huanggang
|
騇牛
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
牛乸
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛乸
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
牛乸
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
牛乸
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
牛乸
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
牛乸
|
| Macau
|
牛乸
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
牛乸
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
牛乸
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
牛乸
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
牛乸, 牛牸
|
| Foshan
|
牛乸
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
牛乸
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
牛乸
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
牛乸
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
牛乸
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
牛乸
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
牛乸
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
牛乸
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
牛乸
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
牛乸
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
牛乸
|
| Taishan
|
牛乸
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
牛乸
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
牛乸
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
牛乸
|
| Dongguan
|
牛乸, 牛牸
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
牛乸
|
| Shaoguan
|
牛乸
|
| Yunfu
|
牛乸
|
| Yangjiang
|
牛乸, 牛牸
|
| Xinyi
|
牛乸
|
| Lianjiang
|
牛乸
|
| Nanning
|
牛乸
|
| Wuzhou
|
牛乸
|
| Yulin
|
牛乸
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
母牛
|
| Danzhou
|
母牛
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
牛乸
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
牛乸
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
牛婆
|
| Lichuan
|
牛𡡉, 𡡉兒
|
| Pingxiang
|
牛婆, 牛婆子, 牸牛, 牛牸
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
牛嫲
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
牛乸, 牛牸
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
牛嫲, 牛牸仔
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
牛乸, 牛嫲, 牛雌
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
牛嫲
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
牛嫲
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
牛嫲
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
牛嫲
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
牛嫲, 牛牸
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
牛乸
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Liannan
|
牛嫲
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
牛嫲
|
| Jiexi
|
牛嫲
|
| Changting
|
牛嫲
|
| Wuping
|
牛嫲
|
| Ninghua
|
牛嫲
|
| Yudu
|
牛婆
|
| Shicheng
|
牛婆
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
牛婆
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
牛嫲
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
牛嫲
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
牛嫲
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
牛嫲
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
牛嫲
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
牛嫲
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛嫲
|
| Luchuan
|
牛嫲
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
牛牳婆
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
牛嫲
|
| Singkawang
|
牛嫲
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
牛婆
|
| Huangshan (Tunxi)
|
母牛
|
| Yixian
|
母牛
|
| Qimen
|
雌牛, 母牛
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
母牛
|
| Pingyao
|
母牛
|
| Xinzhou
|
母牛, 兕牛子
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
母牛
|
| Linhe
|
乳牛
|
| Jining
|
母牛
|
| Hohhot
|
乳牛
|
| Baotou
|
母牛
|
| Dongsheng
|
乳牛
|
| Haibowan
|
乳牛
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
牛嫲
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
牛嫲
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
牛嫲
|
| Wuyishan
|
牛嫲
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
牛嫲
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
牛母
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
牛母
|
| Fuqing
|
牛母
|
| Yongtai
|
牛母
|
| Gutian
|
牛母
|
| Fu'an
|
牛母
|
| Ningde
|
牛母
|
| Shouning
|
牛母
|
| Zhouning
|
牛母
|
| Fuding
|
牛母
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
牛母
|
| Quanzhou
|
牛母
|
| Jinjiang
|
牛母
|
| Yongchun
|
牛母
|
| Zhangzhou
|
牛母
|
| Dongshan
|
牛母
|
| Taipei
|
牛母
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
牛母
|
| Kaohsiung
|
牛母
|
| Yilan
|
牛母
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
牛母
|
| Taichung
|
牛母
|
| Tainan
|
牛母
|
| Hsinchu
|
牛母
|
| Kinmen
|
牛母
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
牛母
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
牛母
|
| Zhangping
|
牛母
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
牛母, 牛種仔
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
母牛
|
| Chaozhou
|
牛母
|
| Shantou
|
牛母
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
牛母
|
| Jieyang
|
牛母
|
| Haifeng
|
牛母
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
牛母
|
| Leizhou
|
牛母
|
| Wenchang
|
牛母
|
| Haikou
|
牛母
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
牛母
|
| Xianyou
|
牛母
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
母牛
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
雌牛
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
雌牛
|
| Shanghai (Jiading)
|
母牛
|
| Suzhou
|
雌牛
|
| Wuxi
|
雌牛
|
| Danyang
|
母牛
|
| Hangzhou
|
母牛
|
| Ningbo
|
牛娘, 雌牛
|
| Wenzhou
|
牛娘, 牛牸, 草嘅牛
|
| Jinhua
|
雌牛, 牸牛
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
牛婆子, 牛婆
|
| Xiangtan
|
牛婆子
|
| Loudi
|
牛婆子, 牸牛
|
| Shuangfeng
|
牛婆子, 牸牛
|
| Quanzhou
|
牛婆
|
Dialectal synonyms of
水牛 (“buffalo; water buffalo”)