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犛. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
犛, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
犛 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
犛 you have here. The definition of the word
犛 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
犛, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
犛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十大一竹手 (JKMHQ), four-corner 58251, composition ⿸𠩺牛)
- a black ox, a yak
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №20
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 704, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20154
- Dae Jaweon: page 1116, character 38
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1818, character 5
- Unihan data for U+729B
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
犛
|
*rɯː, *rɯ, *maːw, *mraːw
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釐
|
*rɯ
|
嫠
|
*rɯ
|
剺
|
*rɯ
|
孷
|
*rɯ
|
漦
|
*sɦrɯ
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氂
|
*rɯ, *maːw
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Etymology
Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States:
不然,巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象,其可盡乎,其又以規為瑱也? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
不然,巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象,其可尽乎,其又以规为瑱也? [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
- Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě?
- ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’
According to Schuessler (2007), 犛 (OC *rə) > lí is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”).
Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) propose 犛 (OC *mrˁu) > máo could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs (ʁbrô); as well as Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”) and Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “gaur”), etc. all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brawŋ (“wild yak, buffalo”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
Rime
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Character
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犛
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犛
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犛
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Reading #
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1/3
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2/3
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3/3
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Initial (聲)
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來 (37)
|
來 (37)
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明 (4)
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Final (韻)
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之 (19)
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咍 (41)
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肴 (90)
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Tone (調)
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Level (Ø)
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Level (Ø)
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Level (Ø)
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Openness (開合)
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Open
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Open
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Open
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Division (等)
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III
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I
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II
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Fanqie
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里之切
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洛哀切
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莫交切
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Baxter
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li
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loj
|
maew
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Reconstructions
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Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/lɨ/
|
/lʌi/
|
/mˠau/
|
Pan Wuyun
|
/lɨ/
|
/ləi/
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/mᵚau/
|
Shao Rongfen
|
/lie/
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/lɒi/
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/mau/
|
Edwin Pulleyblank
|
/lɨ/
|
/ləj/
|
/maɨw/
|
Li Rong
|
/liə/
|
/lᴀi/
|
/mau/
|
Wang Li
|
/lĭə/
|
/lɒi/
|
/mau/
|
Bernhard Karlgren
|
/li/
|
/lɑ̆i/
|
/mau/
|
Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
lí
|
lái
|
máo
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Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
lei4
|
loi4
|
maau4
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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犛
|
犛
|
犛
|
犛
|
Reading #
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1/4
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2/4
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3/4
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4/4
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No.
|
7801
|
7806
|
7809
|
7810
|
Phonetic component
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釐
|
釐
|
釐
|
釐
|
Rime group
|
之
|
之
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宵
|
宵
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Rime subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
|
釐
|
|
茅
|
Old Chinese
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/*rɯː/
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/*rɯ/
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/*maːw/
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/*mraːw/
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Notes
|
|
|
訓讀同氂
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訓讀氂
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Definitions
犛
- yak
獸則𤛑旄貘犛,沈牛麈麋,赤首圜題,窮奇象犀。 [MSC, trad.]
兽则𤛑旄貘牦,沈牛麈麋,赤首圜题,穷奇象犀。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 司馬相如 (Sima Xiangru) 《上林賦》 "Rhapsody on the Imperial Park", in 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian. Translated based on Knechtges's (2008) version
- Shòu zé yóng máo mò máo/lí, shěnniú zhǔmí, chìshǒu yuántí, qióngqí xiàng xī.
- Its animals are: The zebus, hairy yaks, pandas, grunting yaks, plunging bulls, elaphures; red-headed, round-hoofed; extreme extraordinaire, elephants, and rhinoceroses.
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
犛
(Hyōgai kanji)
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Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
犛: Hán Nôm readings: li, mao
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