犯

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 犯. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 犯, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 犯 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 犯 you have here. The definition of the word 犯 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of犯, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

犯 U+72AF, 犯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF
← 犮
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 →

犯 U+FA9F, 犯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F
← 爵
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 →

Translingual

Han character

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+72AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 犯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氾 *pʰoms, *bom
犯 *bomʔ
範 *bomʔ
范 *bomʔ
笵 *bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

Pronunciation

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
Note:
  • huang6 - Shantou;
  • huam6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • fan5 - vernacular;
  • fan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 犯
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 凡 (146)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 防錽切
    Baxter bjomX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨɐmX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biɐmX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biɐmX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buamX/
    Li
    Rong         		/biɐmX/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwɐmX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯wɐmX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 犯
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2980
    Phonetic
    component         		氾
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		范
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bomʔ/

    Definitions

    犯

    1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
      人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén
      We will not attack if we are not attacked.
    2. to commit (crime); to violate
      犯罪  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime
    3. criminal; offender; culprit
      罪犯  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal
      俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
      俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
      bei2 go3 faan6-2 zau2 lat1 zo2 aa3!
      The criminal ran loose!
    4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
      犯脾氣／犯脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper
    5. to brave; to face; to withstand
    6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

    Synonyms

    • (to violate):
    • (criminal):
    • (to be worth):

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (犯):
    • → Japanese: 犯(はん) (han)
    • → Korean: 범(犯) (beom)
    • → Vietnamese: phạm (犯)

    Compounds

    References

    • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 , editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.

    Japanese

    Kanji

    犯

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. crime, offense
    2. criminal, culprit, offender

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    犯
    はん
    Grade: 5
    kan'on

    /pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

    From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

    Suffix

    犯(はん) • (-han) 

    1. perpetrators of a crime
    2. some types of crime

    Derived terms

    Derived terms

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Phonetic hangul:
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

    1. hanja form? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”)
    2. hanja form? of 범 (“criminal”)
    3. hanja form? of 범 (“count of crime”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Wikious
    Boobota
    Sagapedia