独立

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See also: 獨立

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 独立 – see 獨立 (“to stand alone; to be independent; to stand on one's own; etc.”).
(This term is the simplified form of 獨立).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji in this term
独 立
どく
Grade: 5 		りつ
Grade: 1
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
獨立 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

独(どく)立(りつ) • (dokuritsu) 

  1. independence
  2. separation; status that one stands
  3. independent authority that is free from interference

Derived terms

Verb

独(どく)立(りつ)する • (dokuritsu suru) suru (stem 独(どく)立(りつ)し (dokuritsu shi), past 独(どく)立(りつ)した (dokuritsu shita))

  1. be independent
  2. be separate, be detached
    独立(どくりつ)した家(いえ)
    dokuritsu shita ie
    a detached house
  3. be independent; have the authority to act without interference
    独立(どくりつ)した司法権(しほうけん)
    dokuritsu shita shihōken
    an independent judiciary

Conjugation

Conjugation of "独立する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 独立し どくりつし dokuritsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 独立し どくりつし dokuritsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 独立する どくりつする dokuritsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 独立する どくりつする dokuritsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 独立すれ どくりつすれ dokuritsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 独立せよ¹
独立しろ² 		どくりつせよ¹
どくりつしろ² 		dokuritsu seyo¹
dokuritsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 独立される どくりつされる dokuritsu sareru
Causative 独立させる
独立さす 		どくりつさせる
どくりつさす 		dokuritsu saseru
dokuritsu sasu
Potential 独立できる どくりつできる dokuritsu dekiru
Volitional 独立しよう どくりつしよう dokuritsu shiyō
Negative 独立しない どくりつしない dokuritsu shinai
Negative continuative 独立せず どくりつせず dokuritsu sezu
Formal 独立します どくりつします dokuritsu shimasu
Perfective 独立した どくりつした dokuritsu shita
Conjunctive 独立して どくりつして dokuritsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 独立すれば どくりつすれば dokuritsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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