猶子

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Chinese

as if; still
child; son; (noun suffix)
child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
 
trad. (猶子)
simp. (犹子)
Literally: “comparable to one's own child/son”.

Etymology

Originally from a passage from the Liji (《禮記》) in the context of the proper rites of mourning:

喪服兄弟猶子 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
丧服兄弟犹子 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Sāngfú, xiōngdì zhī zǐ yóu zǐ yě, gài yǐn ér jìnzhī yě.
The mourning worn for the son of a brother should be the same as for one's own son: the object being to bring him still nearer to one's self.

Gradually the phrase was taken out of its original context and became idiomatic, despite (prescriptionist) objections from classical scholars.[1] For non-idiomatic usages, see the individual characters , .

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3 1/1
Initial () (36) (13)
Final () (136) (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter yuw tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨu/ /t͡sɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiu/ /t͡sɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/iəu/ /t͡sieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/juw/ /t͡sɨX/
Li
Rong
/iu/ /t͡siəX/
Wang
Li
/jĭəu/ /t͡sĭəX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/i̯ə̯u/ /t͡siX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau4 zi2

Noun

猶子

  1. nephew (son of a brother)
  2. (uncommon) niece

References

  1. ^ 黎靖德, et al., editor (c. 13th–17th century), 朱子語類 [A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu] (in Chinese), ctp:n597013, 禮四·小戴禮·檀弓上:今人呼兄弟之子為「猶子」,非是。