病

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

病 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大一人月 (KMOB), four-corner 0012₇, composition ⿸疒丙)

Derived characters

• 𤶮, 𤶯, 𤻓

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 772, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22127
• Dae Jaweon: page 1182, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2664, character 13
• Unihan data for U+75C5

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braŋs) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – illness. Note that 丙 also means “fire”, hence connotations of “lying feverishly in bed”.

Etymology

Cognate with 怲 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs, “to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007). This may be part of larger word family including 炳 (OC *praŋʔ, “bright”) with the basic meaning of “warm; hot” (ibid.). It has also been connected with 傷 (OC *hljaŋ) (Unger, 1986).

Pronunciation

Definitions

病

1. illness; sickness; disease
2. evil; ill
3. fault; flaw
4. to fall ill; to be sick; to be ill

   我姥姥病了。  ―  Wǒ lǎolao bìng le.  ―  My grandma got sick.

5. to worry; to be anxious

   • 子曰：「君子病無能焉，不病人之不己知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「君子病无能焉，不病人之不己知也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ bìng wúnéng yān, bù bìng rén zhī bù jǐ zhī yě.”

     The Master said, "The superior man is distressed by his lack of ability. He is not distressed by men's not knowing him."

6. to criticize; to denounce

   詬病／诟病  ―  gòubìng  ―  to criticize

Synonyms

• (illness):

• (to fall ill):

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Zhuang: bingh

References

• “病”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. have a disease; disease
2. being stiff and not able to move
3. difficult
4. suffer
5. make one suffer

Readings

• Go-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)^{←びやう (byau, historical)}
• Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: やむ (yamu, 病む, Jōyō); やまい (yamai, 病, Jōyō)^{←やまひ (yamafi, 病, historical)}; うれい (urei, 病)^{←うれひ (urefi, 病, historical)}

Compounds

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) や​まい (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

/yamapi/ → */yamawi/ → /yamai/

連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of Old Japanese verb 病(や)まふ (yamafu, “to suffer from a disease”), a compound of 病(や)ま (yama), the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei) of 病(や)む (yamu, “to fall ill, to become sick”), + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).

Noun

病(やまい) • (yamai) ^{←やまひ (yamafi)?}

1. disease, illness

   彼(かれ)は病(やまい)を患(わずら)った。

   Kare wa yamai o wazuratta.

   He is affected with disease.

2. a bad habit

   彼(かれ)は人(ひと)の物(もの)をとる病(やまい)がある。

   Kare wa hito no mono o toru yamai ga aru.

   He is light-fingered.

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 病 (MC bjaengH, “disease, illness”).

Suffix

病(びょう) • (-byō) 

1. disease, illness

References

Korean

Hanja

病 (eumhun 병들 병 (byeongdeul byeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 병 (“illness; disease”).

Vietnamese

Han character

病: Hán Nôm readings: bệnh, bạnh, nạch, bịnh

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