白土

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Chinese

		white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
simp. and trad. (白土)		白	土
anagram		土白

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): báitǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-thô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: báitǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: báitǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pai²-tʻu³
  - Yale: bái-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairtuu
  - Palladius: байту (bajtu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-thô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pe̍h-thôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peqtoo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²³/

Noun

白土

(literary) chalk (the stone)
- 令人各以白土，書「甲子」二字於家中大門上。 [MSC, trad.]
  令人各以白土，书「甲子」二字于家中大门上。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: c. 1330 - 1400: Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1
  Lìng rén gè yǐ báitǔ, shū “jiǎzǐ” èr zì yú jiā zhōng dàmén shàng.
  He ordered (his followers) to use chalk to write "a new beginning" on the outer doors of their homes.
(archaic) white potter's clay; kaolin; china clay
(archaic) opium
(archaic) Alternative name for 冀州 (Jìzhōu, “Ji Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)”).

Synonyms

(chalk):

白善 (báishàn) (literary)
白善塗／白善涂 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
白土子 (báitǔzi) (regional)
白土粉 (báitǔfěn) (regional)
白堊／白垩 (bái'è)
白埴土 (báizhítǔ) (literary)
白墠／白𫮃 (báishàn) (literary)
白墡 (báishàn) (literary)

(white potter's clay):

瓷土 (cítǔ)
陶土 (táotǔ)
高嶺土／高岭土 (gāolǐngtǔ)

(opium): 鴉片／鸦片 (yāpiàn), 阿片 (āpiàn); (archaic) 白土 (báitǔ); (dated) 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng); (Jin) 洋煙／洋烟; (Hokkien) 烏薰／乌薰

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白	土
はく Grade: 1	ど Grade: 1
kan'on	kan'yōon

Possibly from Middle Chinese 白土 (MC baek thuX|duX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はくど (Atamadaka – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

白(はく)土(ど) • (hakudo)

white soil or earth
a weathered white rock, such as rhyolite, used for paints, cement mixtures, etc.
Short for 酸性白土 (sansei hakudo): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Proper noun

白(はく)土(ど) • (Hakudo)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白	土
しら Grade: 1	つち Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE).

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) +‎ 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しらつち (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

白(しら)土(つち) • (shiratsuchi)

white soil or earth, such as chalk
kaolin or other clay used for pottery or ceramics
white lacquer

Synonyms

(white soil, white lacquer): 白(はく)亜(あ), 白(はく)堊(あ) (hakua)
(pottery clay): 陶土(とうど) (tōdo)

Proper noun

白(しら)土(つち) • (Shiratsuchi)

a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
白	土
しろ Grade: 1	つち Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しろつち (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

白(しろ)土(つち) • (shirotsuchi)

Same as しらつち (shiratsuchi) above

Proper noun

白(しろ)土(つち) • (Shirotsuchi)

a surname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
白	土
しら Grade: 1	に Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) +‎ 土 (ni, “earth”).

Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨sirani⟩, as in the phrase 知らに (shirani, “did not know”).

Alternative forms

白粉

Noun

白(しら)土(に) • (shirani)

white soil used as a pigment

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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