監
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See also: 监
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Translingual
| Japanese | 監 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 监 |
| Traditional | 監 |
Alternative forms
- 𰯲 (when used at the top of a character)
Note the difference in the upper right component between simplified Chinese, where it is ⿱𠂉丶 (resembles half of 𥫗), and traditional Chinese and Japanese, where it is ⿱𠂉一.
Han character
監 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+9 in Chinese, 皿+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸戈月廿 (SIBT) or 尸一月廿 (SMBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉丶皿)
Derived characters
- 儖(𫣉) 嚂(𰈓) 壏(𰊑) 尶 尷(尴) 懢 檻(槛) 濫(滥) 爁(𬊶) 璼(𫞨) 礛(𰧔) 籃(篮) 糮(𬖮) 繿(䍀) 艦(舰) 藍(蓝) 襤(褴) 轞(𰺗) 鑑(鉴) 鹽(塩 盐) 㔋(𪟎) 㜮(𫱕) 㩜(㨫) 㲯(𰚪) 㺝 䆾 䰐(𱆅) 𠕱 𡮻 𡰛 𡽳(𫶊) 𡽾 𢅡(𫷌) 𣁥 𣋣 𣰦 𥃢 𥌈 𥜓 𦡶(𰯂) 𦣸 𧓦 𧥈 𧭗 𧸦(𬥾) 𨊔 𨣨(𰼏) 𩁱 𩦹 𩴵(𩴌) 𩼳 𪇖(𬸡) 𪊇 𫗝 𫶻 𭧿
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 796, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23032
- Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2566, character 3
- Unihan data for U+76E3
Chinese
| trad. | 監 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 监 | |
| alternative forms | 𧗄 譼／䛓 𧨭 𧩾 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 監 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臥 + 血. Note the migration of the dot from 血 → 皿 to a third stroke of 人 → ⿱𠂉丶/⿱𠂉一.
Alternatively, pictogram (象形) depicting a person with an emphasized eye looking into a container (Ji Xusheng, 2004).
Etymology
Compare Burmese ကြံ (kram, “to think, scheme”).[1]
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiǎn
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jièn
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaam1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gaang1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gam1
- Gan (Wiktionary): gan1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Northern Min (KCR): ga̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gaam1
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ke
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiã²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jièn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiẽ³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaam1
- Yale: gāam
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaam1
- Guangdong Romanization: gam1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːm⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: gaang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gam1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm
- Hakka Romanization System: gamˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam1
- Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ga̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kaⁿ - vernacular;
- kam/kàm - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gam1 / gang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam / kang
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam³³/, /kaŋ³³/
Note:
- gam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- gang1 - Chenghai.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gaam1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kaem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤram/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːm/
Definitions
監
- to supervise; to oversee
- (historical) proctor; supervisor
- to control; to take charge; to direct
- (historical, of crown prince or senior statesman) to act for the monarch
- (historical) dukes or princes under an emperor
- † to imprison; to incarcerate
- prison; jail
- † to command; to lead
- (Cantonese) to force (somebody to do something)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”)
Compounds
- 三監／三监
- 中央監控系統／中央监控系统
- 主監／主监
- 例監／例监
- 光照監視裝置／光照监视装置
- 入監／入监 (rùjiān)
- 內監／内监
- 出監／出监
- 國子監／国子监 (Guózǐjiàn)
- 坐監／坐监
- 外役監獄／外役监狱
- 大樓監控系統／大楼监控系统
- 天監／天监
- 女監／女监 (nǚjiān)
- 學監／学监 (xuéjiān)
- 寄監／寄监
- 巴士底監獄／巴士底监狱
- 投監／投监
- 探監／探监 (tànjiān)
- 收監／收监 (shōujiān)
- 斃監免議／毙监免议
- 斬監候／斩监候
- 海監／海监
- 狂吟老監／狂吟老监
- 獨居監禁／独居监禁
- 球監／球监
- 理監事／理监事
- 環保與環境監控系統／环保与环境监控系统
- 發監／发监
- 監主自盜／监主自盗
- 監事／监事 (jiānshì)
- 監修／监修
- 監印／监印
- 監司／监司
- 監國／监国 (jiānguó)
- 監場／监场
- 監守／监守 (jiānshǒu)
- 監守自盜／监守自盗 (jiānshǒuzìdào)
- 監察／监察 (jiānchá)
- 監察人／监察人
- 監察委員／监察委员
- 監察御史／监察御史
- 監察權／监察权
- 監察院／监察院 (Jiāncháyuàn)
- 監察院審計部／监察院审计部
- 監寺／监寺
- 監工／监工 (jiāngōng)
- 監市履狶／监市履狶
- 監廚／监厨
- 監所／监所 (jiānsuǒ)
- 監押／监押 (jiānyā)
- 監控／监控 (jiānkòng)
- 監斬／监斩
- 監斬官／监斩官
- 監測／监测 (jiāncè)
- 監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
- 監犯／监犯 (jiānfàn)
- 監獄／监狱 (jiānyù)
- 監督／监督 (jiāndū)
- 監票／监票 (jiānpiào)
- 監視／监视 (jiānshì)
- 監視器／监视器 (jiānshìqì)
- 監禁／监禁 (jiānjìn)
- 監管／监管 (jiānguǎn)
- 監繫／监系
- 監考／监考 (jiānkǎo)
- 監聽／监听 (jiāntīng)
- 監臨／监临
- 監臨自盜／监临自盗
- 監製／监制 (jiānzhì)
- 監覷／监觑
- 監解／监解
- 監試／监试
- 監誓／监誓 (jiānshì)
- 監護／监护 (jiānhù)
- 監護人／监护人 (jiānhùrén)
- 監軍／监军
- 監造／监造
- 監運／监运
- 監鋪／监铺
- 監門／监门
- 監門之養／监门之养
- 監齋使者／监斋使者
- 監齋爺／监斋爷
- 總監／总监 (zǒngjiān)
- 舍監／舍监
- 董監事／董监事
- 行政監督／行政监督
- 行監坐守／行监坐守
- 跟監／跟监
- 遠端監控系統／远端监控系统
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gaam3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaam3
- Yale: gaam
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaam3
- Guangdong Romanization: gam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːm³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: gaang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
- Hakka Romanization System: gam
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam4
- Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gaam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam⁵⁵/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Middle Chinese: kaemH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤram-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːms/
Definitions
監
- † Alternative form of 鑒／鉴 (jiàn, “mirror”)
- † to reflect; to see; to view
- 子曰：「周監於二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾從周。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Zhōu jiàn yú èrdài, yùyùhū wénzāi! Wú cóng Zhōu.”
- The Master said, "Zhou had the advantage of viewing the two past dynasties. How complete and elegant are its regulations! I follow Zhou."
子曰：「周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾从周。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to use for reference; to draw lessons from
- (historical) supervisor; overseer
- (historical) imperial office
- (historical) eunuch
Compounds
References
- ^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-AM Finals (5. to Think, Plan)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 41
Further reading
- “監”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
監
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 監 |
| かん Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 監 (MC kaem).
Pronunciation
Affix
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
- hanja form? of 감 (“supervision; overseeing”)
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
監: Hán Nôm readings: giam, giám, giớm, giợm, róm, giấm, lổm, ram, rướm, xám
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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