直

直 U+FAA8, 直 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8 ← 盛 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →

Translingual

Stroke order (Chinese)

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order (Japan)

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.

Han character

直 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 4071₆, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))

Derived characters

• 値, 值, 𠶗, 埴, 𡸜, 𢃜, 𢏶, 徝, 㥀, 㨁, 淔, 植, 殖, 𤊧, 犆, 禃, 䐈, 稙, 𫌁, 𡖻, 𨁷, 𫒦, 𥊣, 𫗾, 𫤁, 𤣡
• 𬑚, 𪧡, 𧡚, 𭅨, 𥊢, 𭅬, 真, 𡌴, 悳, 惪, 嗭, 𫹦, 矗, 𡸽, 𣇣, 𠁆, 置, 𠍜, 𥮖, 𪠋, 𭼔

See also

• 具

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
• Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
• Unihan data for U+76F4

• Unihan data for U+FAA8

• Unihan data for U+2F940

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 直
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

Etymology

"simply; only"

According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).

"straight; right"

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).

“heterosexual”

Semantic loan from English straight.

Pronunciation

Definitions

直

1. straight; linear; undeviating

   Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū), 攣／挛 (Cantonese)

   直線／直线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line

2. to straighten
3. vertical; upright; erect
4. honest; fair
5. straightforward; forthright; frank
6. directly; straight

   直去  ―  zhíqù  ―  to go directly to

7. intentionally; deliberately
8. ^† only; just

   Synonym: 只 (zhǐ)

   • 直不百步耳，是亦走也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Zhí bù bǎi bù ěr, shì yì zǒu yě.

     They just did not run a hundred paces; yet they also ran away.

9. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
10. ^† Alternative form of 值 (“to be worth”)

    • 今有布一匹，價直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      今有布一匹，价直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: 《九章算術》 (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), 衰分 (Proportional distribution)

      Jīn yǒu bù yī pǐ, jiàzhí yībǎi èrshíwǔ.

      Now there exists one piece of cloth; its value is worth one hundred twenty-five.

11. constantly
12. (slang) straight; heterosexual

    Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 攣／挛 (Cantonese)

    直男  ―  zhínán  ―  heterosexual man

13. (historical) Short for 直隸／直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”).

    直系軍閥／直系军阀  ―  Zhí xì jūnfá  ―  the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)

    直皖戰爭／直皖战争  ―  Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng  ―  Zhili–Anhui War)

14. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

• → Old Turkic: tik (vertical, straight, straightforward)
  • Oghuz: دیك
    • Azerbaijani: dik
    • Turkish: dik
    • Turkmen: dik
      • Turkmen: dikan (honest, straight, direct)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02759
• “Entry #4389”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. straight

Readings

• Go-on: じき (jiki, Jōyō)^{←ぢき/ちき (diki/tiki, historical)}; じか (jika)^{←ぢか (dika, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょく (choku, Jōyō)
• Kun: ただちに (tadachini, 直ちに, Jōyō); なおす (naosu, 直す, Jōyō)^{←なほす (nafosu, 直す, historical)}; なおる (naoru, 直る, Jōyō)^{←なほる (naforu, 直る, historical)}; あたい (atai, 直)^{←あたひ (atafi, 直, historical)}; すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ); すぐ (sugu, 直); なおき (naoki, 直き)^{←なほき (nafoki, 直き, historical)}; じか (jika, 直); ひた (hita, 直)
• Nanori: すぐ (sugu); なおい (naoi); のう (nō); のお (nō)

Compounds

• 直(ちょっ)径(けい) (chokkei, “diameter”)
• 直(ちょっ)角(かく)三(さん)角(かっ)形(けい) (chokkaku-sankakkei, “right triangle”)
• 直(ちょく)流(りゅう) (chokuryū, “direct current”)
• 直(ちょっ)感(かん) (chokkan, “intuition”)

Etymology 1

Adjective

直(じき) • (jiki) ^{←ぢき,ちき (diki, tiki)?}-na (adnominal 直(じき)な (jiki na), adverbial 直(じき)に (jiki ni))

1. soon, shortly
2. nearby, close

Inflection

Derived terms

• 直(じき)に (jiki ni)

Etymology 2

Sound change from jiki.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Prefix

直(じか) • (jika-) 

1. directly

   Synonym: 直接 (chokusetsu)

Related terms

• 直(じか)に (jika ni)

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Adjective

直(ちょく) • (choku) ^†-tari (adnominal 直(ちょく)とした (choku to shita) or 直(ちょく)たる (choku taru), adverbial 直(ちょく)と (choku to) or 直(ちょく)として (choku to shite))

1. direct, straight, frank

Adjective

直(ちょく) • (choku) -na (adnominal 直(ちょく)な (choku na), adverbial 直(ちょく)に (choku ni))

1. sincere, straightforward, proper, frank
2. simple, not extravagant, not expensive, less formal

   Synonyms: 安直 (anchoku), 手軽 (tegaru), 安価 (anka)

Verb

直(ちょく)する • (choku suru) suru (stem 直(ちょく)し (choku shi), past 直(ちょく)した (choku shita))

1. to do one's duty, be on duty

Conjugation

References

Korean

Hanja

直 (eumhun 곧을 직 (godeul jik))

1. Hanja form^? of 직 (“straight”).

Miyako

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Kun: すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ)

Vietnamese

Han character

直: Hán Nôm readings: trực

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Kun: しぃぐ (sïgu, 直ぐ)

Yonaguni

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Kun: ちく゚ (chingu, 直く゚)