直前

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Chinese

straight; vertical; frank
straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright
 
front, forepart; in front; past
front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward
 
trad. (直前) 直 前
simp. #(直前) 直 前

Pronunciation

Verb

直前

  1. to go straight ahead

Japanese

Kanji in this term
直 前
ちょく
Grade: 2 		ぜん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Sinitic, composed of 直 (choku, “direct, straight”) + 前 (zen, “front, forward; before”). Date of borrowing unknown.

Pronunciation

Noun

直(ちょく)前(ぜん) • (chokuzen) 

  1. directly in front, directly ahead
  2. just before
    彼女(かのじょ)は結婚式(けっこんしき)の直前(ちょくぜん)に病気(びょうき)にかかった。
    Kanojo wa kekkonshiki no chokuzen ni byōki ni kakatta.
    She became ill just before the wedding.

Antonyms

Verb

直(ちょく)前(ぜん)する • (chokuzen suru) suru (stem 直(ちょく)前(ぜん)し (chokuzen shi), past 直(ちょく)前(ぜん)した (chokuzen shita))

  1. to go straight ahead
  2. to proceed immediately

Conjugation

Conjugation of "直前する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 直前し ちょくぜんし chokuzen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 直前し ちょくぜんし chokuzen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 直前する ちょくぜんする chokuzen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 直前する ちょくぜんする chokuzen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 直前すれ ちょくぜんすれ chokuzen sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 直前せよ¹
直前しろ² 		ちょくぜんせよ¹
ちょくぜんしろ² 		chokuzen seyo¹
chokuzen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 直前される ちょくぜんされる chokuzen sareru
Causative 直前させる
直前さす 		ちょくぜんさせる
ちょくぜんさす 		chokuzen saseru
chokuzen sasu
Potential 直前できる ちょくぜんできる chokuzen dekiru
Volitional 直前しよう ちょくぜんしよう chokuzen shiyō
Negative 直前しない ちょくぜんしない chokuzen shinai
Negative continuative 直前せず ちょくぜんせず chokuzen sezu
Formal 直前します ちょくぜんします chokuzen shimasu
Perfective 直前した ちょくぜんした chokuzen shita
Conjunctive 直前して ちょくぜんして chokuzen shite
Hypothetical conditional 直前すれば ちょくぜんすれば chokuzen sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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