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U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 111, +3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition )

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𥎿

Glyph origin

Originally the same character as , used interchangeably. In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (adult) + (mouth) + (child) – to transmit knowledge. In the Warring States period, corrupted into (OC *hliʔ) and became a sound component. In Western Han script the component started being dropped, arriving at the modern form.

Etymology

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (to know), Jingpho chye (to know), Tibetan རིག (rig, to know) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with (OC *ʔl'es).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Note:
    • di1 - vernacular;
    • zi1 - literary.
  • Jin
  • Northern Min
  • Eastern Min
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • chai - colloquial;
    • ti - literary.
    Note:
    • zai1 - colloquial;
    • di1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
    /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ti⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ti⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ti³³/
    /t͡sai³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si²³/
    /tai²³/
    /t͡si³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (9)
    Final () (11)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter trje
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʈiᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʈiɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ȶjɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʈiə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /ȶie/
    Wang
    Li
    /ȶǐe/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ȶie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zi1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zhī
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ trje ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tre/
    English know

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11495
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔl'e/
    Notes

    Definitions

    1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
      面不  ―  zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn  ―  One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
      [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 m4 zi1.   ―  I don't know.
    2. to cause to know; to tell; to inform
        ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
    3. to administer; to take charge of
        ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
        ―  zhī  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
    4. to distinguish
    5. to appreciate
    6. to be close friends; close friends
        ―  zhī  ―  close friend
        ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
    7. to perceive
    8. to participate in; to have a hand in
    9. (Hakka, including Changting, Xiaosanjiang, Shicheng) to hear; to listen
    10. knowledge
        ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
        ―  zhī  ―  ignorant
    11. (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of (MC trje)
    Synonyms

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (chi)
    • Korean: 지(知) (ji)
    • Vietnamese: tri ()

    Pronunciation 2


    Definitions

    1. Original form of (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

    Compounds

    References

    Japanese

    Alternative forms

    Kanji

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to know
    2. wisdom

    Readings

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese (trjeH, wisdom).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    () (chi

    1. wisdom

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (al ji))

    1. Hanja form? of (know).

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Việt readings: tri, trí
    : Nôm readings: tri, trơ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.