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See also:
U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3

CJK Unified Ideographs
U+2F6F, ⽯
KANGXI RADICAL STONE

Kangxi Radicals

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 112, +0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #112, .

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𥐖

𥐘
unit of measure

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (). The cliff was subsequently distorted into ; compare , as well as , .

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Schuessler, (2007) proposes a probable relation Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (stone) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, rock; stone)); however this is unlikely due to both:

  • the mismatch between final *-k and *-ʔ, which requires Schuessler to assume that Chinese added "the familiar final -k" after foreign *-ʔ, resulting in *-ʔ-k > *-k (for an analogy, (OC *naʔ) > (OC *nak)), therefore reducing his proposal's parsimony;
  • that so far only nasal pre-initials, not *-l-, are known to have a voicing effect on Old Chinese voiceless initials (see Baxter & Sagart, 2014, Jacques, 2020, etc.); so Proto-Vietic *l-t- would unlikely become Old Chinese *d-.

Pronunciation


Note: sek6-2 - "gem, jewel, jade".
Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
Note:
  • sieo7 - vernacular;
  • zieo7 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石臼);
  • sia7 - vernacular (used in place names, e.g. 下石);
  • sih7 - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • chio̍h - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
  • se̍k/si̍t/se̍t/sia̍k - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
Note:
  • ziêh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Chaozhou);
  • zioh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang);
  • sig8 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • sêg8 - literary (Jieyang);
  • siêh8 - only in 石榴 (Chaozhou);
  • sioh8 - only in 石榴 (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang).
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: jio6 / xig4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔ³³/, /sik̚⁵/
Note:
  • jio6 - vernacular;
  • xig4 - literary.
Note:
  • Suzhou:
    • 8zaq - vernacular;
    • 8zeq - literary.
  • Ningbo:
    • 8zhiq - surname.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zaʔ¹/
Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡sioʔ⁵/
/sia²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sio³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese
/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11470
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djaɡ/

Definitions

  1. stone; rock (Classifier: c;  c)
  2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
  3. a surname
      ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (せき) (seki)
  • Korean: 석(石) (seok)
  • Vietnamese: thạch ()

(Others)

  • Tocharian B: cāk

Etymology 2

Contains pronunciations from (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

Compounds

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 , editor (2021), “”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 159.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 , editor (2021), “”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 486.

References

Japanese

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
いし
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨isi⟩/iɕi/

From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *isoi.

Likely cognate with (iso, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Pronunciation

Noun

(いし) (ishi

  1. a stone
    • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
      (からだ)(いし)のように(かた)()(おお)われており、(まも)りがかたい。
      Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
      With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
  2. (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
こく
Grade: 1
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese (MC huwk).

The spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

(こく) (koku

  1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten (to):
    1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
    2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
    3. for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
  2. a unit of quantity for (sake, salmon) and (masu, trout); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
せき
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

Pronunciation

Counter

(せき) (-seki

  1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
  2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
    (ろく)(せき)ラジオ
    rokuseki rajio
    six-transistor radio

Noun

(せき) (seki

  1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten (to)

Affix

(せき) (seki

  1. stone
  2. needle made of stone
  3. go stone
  4. something solid but worthless
  5. Short for 石見国 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province
Derived terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) 셕〮 (Yale: syék)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (dol seok))

  1. hanja form? of (stone)

Compounds

Kunigami

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(しー) (shī

  1. stone

Miyako

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(いす) (isu

  1. stone

Okinawan

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(いし) (ishi

  1. stone

Old Japanese

Etymology

Cognate with (iso1, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Noun

(isi) (kana いし)

  1. a stone

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: (ishi)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
: Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch (stone).

Compounds

References

Yaeyama

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(いしぃ) (isï

  1. stone

Yonaguni

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(いち) (ichi

  1. stone

References

  • いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.