石榴

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Chinese

rock; stone; 10 pecks pomegranate
simp. and trad.
(石榴) 		石 榴
alternative forms 石留

Etymology

Short for 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
  • sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 石 榴
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 昔 (123) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常隻切 力求切
Baxter dzyek ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ /lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiæk̚/ /liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiajk̚/ /luw/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛk̚/ /lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ /li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik6 lau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 石 榴
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11470 8886
Phonetic
component 		石 卯
Rime
group 		鐸 幽
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		石 劉
Old
Chinese 		/*djaɡ/ /*m·ru/

Noun

石榴

石榴

  1. pomegranate
  2. (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
  3. (Cantonese) guava

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 石榴 (“pomegranate”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 石榴, 丹若, 若榴, 楉榴, 安石榴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 石榴, 安石榴
Taxonomic name 石榴, 安石榴
Mandarin Beijing 石榴
Taiwan 石榴
Harbin 石榴
Yantai (Muping) 石榴
Jinan 石榴
Luoyang 石榴
Wanrong 石榴
Xi'an 石榴
Lanzhou 石榴
Ürümqi 石榴
Wuhan 石榴
Chengdu 石榴
Guiyang 石榴
Liuzhou 石榴
Xuzhou 石榴
Yangzhou 石榴
Nanjing 石榴
Singapore 石榴
Pematangsiantar 石榴
Cantonese Guangzhou 石榴, 結子石榴
Hong Kong 石榴, 結子石榴
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 石榴
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 石榴
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 石榴
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 石榴
Macau 石榴
Guangzhou (Panyu) 石榴
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 石榴
Guangzhou (Conghua) 石榴
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 石榴
Foshan 石榴
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 石榴
Foshan (Shunde) 石榴
Foshan (Sanshui) 石榴
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 石榴
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 石榴
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 石榴
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 花棯
Zhuhai (Doumen) 花棯
Jiangmen (Baisha) 花棯
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 花棯
Taishan 花棯
Kaiping (Chikan) 花棯
Enping (Niujiang) 花棯
Heshan (Yayao) 石榴
Dongguan 番鬼石榴
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 石榴
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 石榴
Yangon (Taishan) 石榴
Mandalay (Taishan) 石榴
Gan Nanchang 石榴
Lichuan 石榴
Pingxiang 石榴
Hakka Meixian 石榴仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 石榴
Dongguan (Qingxi) 石榴
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 番石榴
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 石榴
Conghua (Lütian) 石榴
Yudu 石榴, 石梨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 石榴仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 石榴仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 石榴
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 石榴
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 石榴仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 石榴
Hong Kong 石榴
Senai (Huiyang) 石榴
Huizhou Jixi 石榴
Jin Taiyuan 石榴
Xinzhou 石榴兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 石榴
Eastern Min Fuzhou 石榴
Fuqing 石榴
Southern Min Xiamen 石榴
Quanzhou 石榴
Zhangzhou 石榴
Taipei 石榴
New Taipei (Sanxia) 石榴
Kaohsiung 石榴
Yilan 石榴
Changhua (Lukang) 石榴
Taichung 石榴
Tainan 石榴
Hsinchu 石榴
Kinmen 石榴
Penghu (Magong) 石榴
Penang (Hokkien) 石榴
Jieyang 石榴
Bangkok (Teochew) 石榴
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 紅花石榴
Singapore (Teochew) 石榴
Haikou 石榴
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 石榴
Wu Shanghai 石榴
Shanghai (Chongming) 石榴
Suzhou 石榴
Danyang 石榴
Hangzhou 石榴
Ningbo 石榴, 金猛
Wenzhou 金櫻
Jinhua 石榴
Xiang Changsha 石榴
Loudi 石榴
Dialectal synonyms of 番石榴 (“guava”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 番石榴
Taxonomic name 番石榴
Mandarin Taiwan 芭樂
Liuzhou 番石榴, 雞屎果
Nanning (Wuming) 番石榴, 膠棯, 棯仔
Cantonese Guangzhou 番石榴, 石榴, 雞屎果, 女人狗肉
Hong Kong 番石榴, 女人狗肉
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 雞屎橘
Macau 番石榴
Guangzhou (Panyu) 花棯
Guangzhou (Conghua) 雞屎果
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 番石榴
Foshan 雞屎果
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 番棯
Foshan (Shunde) 花棯
Foshan (Sanshui) 雞屎果
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 番棯
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 花棯
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 花棯
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 番石榴
Zhuhai (Doumen) 番石榴
Jiangmen (Baisha) 番石榴
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 番石榴
Taishan 番石榴, 花棯
Kaiping (Chikan) 番石榴
Enping (Niujiang) 石榴
Heshan (Yayao) 花棯
Dongguan 石榴, 花棯, 雞屎橘
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 番石榴
Yangjiang 花棯子
Nanning 花棯, 雞屎果
Wuzhou 石榴
Yulin 番桃子
Hepu (Lianzhou) 番桃
Guiping 番石榴
Mengshan (Xihe) 番桃
Guigang (Nanjiang) 番鬼石榴
Beiliu (Tangliao) 番桃
Baise 雞果
Bobai 番石榴
Lingshan 番桃子
Pubei 番桃子
Qinzhou 番桃
Beihai 番桃
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 番桃子
Ningming 花棯
Hengzhou 番桃子
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 番桃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 雞屎果
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 番石榴, 雞屎果
Móng Cái 番石榴, 雞屎果
Hakka Meixian 朳仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 朳, 朳仔
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 朳
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 朳哩
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 朳仔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 朳
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 朳哩
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 雞屎朳
Boluo (Bendihua) 豎朳
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 朳仔
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 朳子
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 朳子
Heyuan (Bendihua) 朳咧
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 朳子
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 朳哎
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 朳哎
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 朳蒂
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 朳
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 石榴
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 朳
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 雞屎朳
Conghua (Lütian) 雞屎果
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朳仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 那朳仔, 拉朳仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朳仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朳
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 朳仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 朳仔
Hong Kong 朳仔
Mashan (Pianlian) 番桃
Sabah (Longchuan) 朳仔
Senai (Huiyang) 朳仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 番石榴
Fuqing 番石榴
Matsu 番石榴
Southern Min Xiamen 林仔菝
Xiamen (Tong'an) 林仔菝
Quanzhou 林仔菝
Jinjiang 林仔菝
Yongchun 林囝菝
Zhangzhou 林仔菝
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 林菝仔, 林仔菝
Zhangpu 林菝仔
Yunxiao 林菝
Zhao'an 番石榴
Dongshan 番石榴
Taipei 林仔菝
New Taipei (Sanxia) 菝仔
Kaohsiung 林菝仔
Yilan 菝仔
Changhua (Lukang) 林仔菝
Taichung 菝仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 菝仔
Tainan 土菝仔, 林菝仔, 林菝
Taitung 菝仔
Hsinchu 菝仔
Kinmen 林仔菝
Penghu (Magong) 林仔菝, 林菝
Penang (Hokkien) 染霧
Singapore (Hokkien) 菝仔, 林仔菝, 貓菝, 木囝
Manila (Hokkien) 林仔菝
Pingnan (Shangdu) 番石榴
Chaozhou 菝囝
Shantou 番石榴, 菝囝, 木囝
Shantou (Chenghai) 木囝
Jieyang 木囝
Haifeng 菝仔
Bangkok (Teochew) 木囝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 木囝
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 冬棯
Sanxiang 塘呢
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 花棯, 番桃
Nanning (Shajing) 番桃
Binyang (Xinqiao) 番桃子
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Chaoyang) 番石榴
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 番石榴
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 番石榴
Yangshuo (Jima) 番石榴
Xiang Quanzhou 番石榴
Guanyang (Wenshi) 番石榴

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): young pomegranate trees.
石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): an opened pomegranate fruit.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
石 榴
じゃく > ざく
Grade: 1 		る > ろ
Hyōgaiji
irregular
Alternative spelling
柘榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.

The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.

The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE. The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).

Pronunciation

Noun

石(ざく)榴(ろ) or 石榴(ザクロ) • (zakuro) 

  1. pomegranate
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
石 榴
じゃく
Grade: 1 		る > ろ
Hyōgaiji
goon irregular
Alternative spelling
若榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.

The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s. While rare and missing from some dictionaries, this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.

Pronunciation

Noun

石(じゃく)榴(ろ) • (jakuro) 

  1. (rare) pomegranate
Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
石 榴
せき
Grade: 1 		りゅう
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.

The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.

Pronunciation

Noun

石(せき)榴(りゅう) • (sekiryū) ←せきりう (sekiriu)?

  1. (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Derived terms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980), たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”)‎ (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 6 June 2021
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
石榴

Noun

石榴 • (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)

  1. Hanja form? of 석류 (“pomegranate”).

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
石 榴
Grade: 1 Hyōgaiji

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら. Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.

Noun

石榴(ざくら) (zakura) 

  1. pomegranate

References

  1. ^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/43

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
石榴

Noun

石榴

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch lựu (“pomegranate”).
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