砧
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See also: 碪
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Translingual
Han character
砧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口卜口 (MRYR), four-corner 11660, composition ⿰石占)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 43
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24099
- Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2423, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7827
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
砧 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 碪／砧 椹 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 砧 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ɯm) : semantic 石 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zam1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tiâm
- Eastern Min (BUC): tĭng / dōng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
- Wade–Giles: chên1
- Yale: jēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
- Wade–Giles: chan1
- Yale: jān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zam1
- Yale: jām
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam1
- Guangdong Romanization: zem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm
- Hakka Romanization System: diam´
- Hagfa Pinyim: diam1
- Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tĭng / dōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiŋ⁵⁵/, /touŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- tĭng - literary;
- dōng - vernacular.
- Southern Min
Note:
- tim - literary;
- tiam - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: diam1 / diang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiam / tiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiam³³/, /tiaŋ³³/
Note: diang1 - Chenghai.
- Middle Chinese: trim
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'ɯm/
Definitions
砧
- base for beating or chopping
- base in general
- (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx
Synonyms
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
砧
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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Readings
- Nôm: châm
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999