磽

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See also: 硗
磽 U+78FD, 磽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78FD
← 磼
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 磾 →

Translingual

Han character

磽 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一口土土山 (MRGGU), four-corner 14611, composition ⿰石堯)

  1. hard and infertile

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24494
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2455, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+78FD

Chinese

trad. 磽
simp. 硗
alternative forms 磝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kiao1 - Shantou, Jieyang;
  • kiou1 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.
    Rime
    Character 磽 磽 磽
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90) 蕭 (93) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open Open
    Division (等) II IV II
    Fanqie 口交切 苦皎切 五敎切
    Baxter khaew khewX ngaewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰˠau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋˠauH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰᵚau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋᵚauH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋauH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰaɨw/ /kʰɛwX/ /ŋaɨwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋauH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰau/ /kʰieuX/ /ŋauH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰau/ /kʰieuX/ /ŋauH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qiāo qiǎo yào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haau1 hiu2 ngaau6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 磽
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qiāo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khæw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʰˁrew/
    English stony soil

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 磽 磽 磽
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    No. 14661 14663 14688
    Phonetic
    component         		垚 垚 垚
    Rime
    group         		宵 宵 宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2 2 2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		敲 樂 磽
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋ̊ʰreːw/ /*ŋreːws/ /*ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ/

    Definitions

    磽

    1. (of land or soil) hard and rocky; solid and stony
    2. barren and infertile soil
    3. (Teochew) poor

    Synonyms

    • (poor):
    Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”)
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 貧, 窮
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
    Mandarin Taiwan 窮, 貧窮
    Yantai (Muping) 窮
    Luoyang 窮
    Wanrong 窮
    Xi'an 窮
    Yinchuan 窮
    Chengdu 苦寒
    Nanjing 窮
    Singapore 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 窮
    Hong Kong 窮
    Taishan 窮
    Gan Nanchang 窮
    Pingxiang 窮
    Hakka Meixian 窮
    Jin Taiyuan 窮
    Northern Min Jian'ou 窮無
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 窮
    Southern Min Xiamen 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
    Quanzhou 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
    Hui'an 窮赤
    Zhangzhou 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤
    Tainan 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
    Raoping 磽
    Shantou 窮, 磽
    Jieyang 窮, 磽
    Leizhou 窮, 蒯
    Wu Shanghai 窮
    Suzhou 窮
    Danyang 窮
    Hangzhou 窮
    Jinhua 倒灶

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Kanji

    磽

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. rocky
    2. barren

    Readings

    Korean

    Hanja

    磽 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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