礤

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礤	U+7924, 礤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7924

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

礤 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿月火 (MRTBF), four-corner 1469₁, composition ⿰石蔡)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24555
Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 2
Unihan data for U+7924

Chinese

trad.		礤
simp. ^#		礤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎ, cā (ca³, ca¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄚˇ, ㄘㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caat³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoah / chhat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎ
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻa³
  - Yale: tsǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaa
  - Palladius: ца (ca)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cā
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ca
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻa¹
  - Yale: tsā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsa
  - Palladius: ца (ca)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caat³
  - Yale: chaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoah / chhat
  - Tâi-lô: tshuah / tshat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaq, zhad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ⁵/, /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/

Note:

chhoah - “grater; to grate” (colloquial);
chhat - (literary).

Middle Chinese: tshat

Rime
Character	礤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七曷切
Baxter	tshat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ca
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caat³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礤
Reading #	1/1
No.	5847
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	攃
Old Chinese	/*sʰlaːd/
Notes	集韻同攃

Definitions

礤

grater; shredder; grindstone (kitchen implement for grating fruits and vegetables)
to rub; to grate; to wipe; to scrape
(literary) coarse stone

Compounds

冰礤 (Min Nan)
礤仔 (Min Nan)
礤冰 (Min Nan)
礤床 (cǎchuáng)
礤床兒／礤床儿 (cǎchuángr)
礤簽／礤签 (Min Nan)
礤霜 (Min Nan)
簽礤／签礤 (Min Nan)
菜礤 (Min Nan)
霜礤 (Min Nan)

References

“Entry #12985”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
周长楫 , editor (2006), “礤 [tshuah⁸]”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 , →ISBN, page 671.
郭于中 (host) (2019 June 5) 台視台語新聞逐工一字介紹「礤」（tshuah）‎ (in Min Nan), 台視新聞.

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