祖母

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Chinese

ancestor; forefather; grandparents female; mother
simp. and trad.
(祖母) 		祖 母

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 祖 母
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 則古切 莫厚切
Baxter tsuX muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suoX/ /məuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suoX/ /məuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡soX/ /məuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɔX/ /məwX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡soX/ /muX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suX/ /məuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡suoX/ /mə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zǔ mǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zou2 mau5

Noun

祖母

  1. (formal) paternal grandmother
    放假了，我們一家大小往鄉下去探望祖母。 [MSC, trad.]
    放假了，我们一家大小往乡下去探望祖母。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fàngjià le, wǒmen yījiādàxiǎo wǎng xiāngxià qù tànwàng zǔmǔ.
    We had a holiday, so our whole family went to the countryside to visit grandmother.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 祖母 (“paternal grandmother”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 祖母
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 祖母
Mandarin Beijing 奶奶, 奶
Taiwan 奶奶, 阿嬤
Tianjin 奶奶
Harbin 奶奶, 奶
Shenyang 奶奶
Yantai (Muping) 婆, 婆婆
Qingdao 奶奶
Jinan 奶奶
Luoyang 奶奶, 奶
Wanrong 娘
Zhengzhou 奶奶, 奶
Xi'an 奶, 婆 suburbs, 拿拿 Hui
Yinchuan 奶奶
Lanzhou 奶奶
Xining 奶奶
Ürümqi 奶奶, 阿奶 Hui
Wuhan 太, 奶奶, 婆婆 dated
Huanggang 婆婆
Chengdu 婆婆, 奶奶
Guiyang 太太, 奶奶, 老太太
Kunming 奶, 奶奶
Guilin 奶奶
Liuzhou 婆, 奶, 阿奶
Shanglin (Sanli) 婆
Xuzhou 奶奶
Yangzhou 奶奶, 太太 dated
Nanjing 奶奶, 奶
Hefei 奶奶
Nantong 奶奶
Singapore 奶奶
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 奶奶, 阿奶
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 拿拿
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿嫲
Hong Kong 阿嫲, 嫲嫲
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 阿婆, 阿嫲
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 阿嫲, 嫲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 阿婆
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿婆
Macau 阿嫲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿嫲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 阿嫲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿嫲
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿婆, 阿嫲
Foshan 阿嫲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿人
Foshan (Shunde) 阿人
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿嫲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿婆
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿婆
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 阿婆
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 阿婆
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿婆
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿婆
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿婆
Taishan 阿人
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿人
Enping (Niujiang) 阿人
Heshan (Yayao) 阿嫲
Dongguan 阿嫲, 嫲嫲, 阿婆
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿媽, 阿嫲
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 阿婆
Qingyuan 阿婆
Fogang 阿嫲
Yingde (Hanguang) 阿嫲
Yangshan 阿婆
Lianshan (Butian) 吾妣
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 阿婆
Shaoguan 阿婆, 阿嫲
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿婆, 阿嫲
Renhua 阿婆, 阿嫲
Lechang 阿嫲
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 阿嫲, 阿奶
Sihui 阿婆
Guangning 阿婆
Deqing 阿婆, 阿奶
Huaiji 阿婆
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 婆
Yunfu 阿奶
Xinxing 阿娘
Luoding 阿嫲
Yunan (Pingtai) 阿嫲
Yangjiang 阿婆, 阿嫲
Xinyi 阿婆
Maoming (Xinpo) 阿婆
Lianjiang 阿嫲
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 奶, 阿奶
Nanning 阿婆, 婆, 奶奶
Wuzhou 阿嫲
Yulin 阿婆
Hepu (Lianzhou) 阿嫲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 阿嫲
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿嫲, 嫲嫲
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 阿嫲
Gan Nanchang 婆婆, 奶奶
Lichuan 姆媽
Pingxiang 婆婆
Hakka Meixian 阿婆
Xingning 阿婆
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿婆, 阿嫲
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 阿婆
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 阿婆
Huiyang 阿婆
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 阿嫲, 阿婆
Huidong (Daling) 阿婆
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿婆
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 阿婆
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 阿嫲
Boluo (Bendihua) 阿婆, 阿嫲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿婆
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 阿婆
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 阿婆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿婆
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿婆
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿婆
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿婆
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿婆
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿婆, 祖婆
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 阿嫲
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 阿婆
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 阿濟
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 阿濟
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 阿嫲
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 阿嫲
Wengyuan 阿婆
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 娭姐
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 阿嫲
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 阿嫲
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿婆
Liannan 阿婆
Conghua (Lütian) 阿婆
Jiexi 阿婆
Luhe 阿婆
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿嬤
Changting 娭姐
Wuping 娭姐
Wuping (Yanqian) 娭姐
Wuping (Pingyu) 阿婆
Liancheng 阿姐, 媽
Ninghua 媽媽
Yudu 婆婆, 婆, 婆奶
Ningdu 婆婆
Ruijin 奶奶, 奶
Shicheng 婆
Shangyou (Shexi) 奶奶, 阿奶
Tonggu (Sandu) 姐姐
Ganzhou (Panlong) 奶奶
Dayu 奶奶
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿婆
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿婆, 阿嬤
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿婆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿婆, 阿奶
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿嬤, 阿婆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿媽
Hong Kong 阿婆
Yangxi (Tangkou) 阿婆
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿婆
Xinyi (Sihe) 阿婆
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿婆
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿婆
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿婆
Huazhou (Xin'an) 阿婆
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿婆
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿婆, 阿媽
Mengshan (Xihe) 婆
Luchuan 阿婆
Luchuan (Daqiao) 阿婆
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿婆
Senai (Huiyang) 阿婆
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 阿媽
Singkawang 阿婆
Huizhou Jixi 婦, 阿婦
Shexian 奶奶, 老姨
Tunxi 老婄, 婄
Xiuning 阿婄, 婄, 奶兒, 阿奶
Yixian 老婦兒
Qimen 嫗兒, 娪娭
Wuyuan 婆婆
Fuliang 媽媽
Dexing 娘
Jingde 奶奶
Shitai (Xianyu) 奶奶
Jin Taiyuan 奶奶
Pingyao 娘娘
Xinzhou 娘娘啊, 呀娘, 娘娘
Linhe 娘娘
Hohhot 奶奶
Dongsheng 娘娘
Northern Min Jian'ou 奶奶, 媽媽
Jian'ou (Dikou) 阿媽
Songxi 嫲老
Zhenghe 媽老
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 阿老
Jianyang 媽媽
Wuyishan 媽媽
Pucheng (Shibei) 媽媽, 阿大
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依媽
Changle 依媽
Fuqing 阿媽, 媽
Yongtai 依媽
Gutian 媽
Fu'an 婆
Ningde 婆
Shouning 阿婆
Zhouning 阿婆
Fuding 阿媽
Matsu 依媽
Singapore (Fuqing) 阿媽
Southern Min Xiamen 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽
Xiamen (Tong'an) 俺媽, 阿媽
Quanzhou 阿媽, 引媽, 媽仔, 內媽
Jinjiang 俺媽, 引媽
Yongchun 阿媽, 媽
Zhangzhou 阿媽, 咉媽, 內媽
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 媽
Zhao'an 媽
Dongshan 阿媽
Taipei 阿媽
New Taipei (Sanxia) 阿媽
Kaohsiung 阿媽
Yilan 阿媽
Changhua (Lukang) 阿媽, 俺媽
Taichung 阿媽
Taichung (Wuqi) 阿媽
Tainan 阿媽, 內媽
Taitung 阿媽
Hsinchu 阿媽
Kinmen 俺媽
Penghu (Magong) 阿媽
Penang (Hokkien) 阿媽, 媽
Singapore (Hokkien) 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽
Manila (Hokkien) 俺媽, 阿媽, 引媽
Longyan 媽
Zhangping 媽
Zhangping (Yongfu) 俺媽
Datian 阿媽
Pingnan (Shangdu) 阿媽, 媽
Chaozhou 阿媽
Shantou 阿媽
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿媽
Jieyang 阿媽
Haifeng 媽, 阿媽
Bangkok (Teochew) 阿媽
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 內媽
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿媽
Singapore (Teochew) 阿媽
Leizhou 尼奶, 尼媽, 奶, 媽
Wenchang 奶, 婆
Haikou 阿媽 face-to-face, 阿婆 face-to-face, 媽 non-face-to-face, 婆 non-face-to-face
Singapore (Hainanese) 阿婆
Puxian Min Putian 阿媽
Xianyou 阿媽
Central Min Yong'an 俺媽
Sanyuan 婆媽
Shaxian 俺媽
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 婆
Sanxiang 婆, 阿婆
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 奶, 阿奶, 奶奶, 太婆
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 奶奶
Shehua Fu'an 阿婆
Fuding 阿嫲
Luoyuan 阿嫲
Sanming 阿嫲
Shunchang 阿婆
Hua'an 阿婆
Guixi (Zhangping) 阿婆
Cangnan 嫲
Jingning 姐
Lishui 姐
Longyou 阿姐
Chaozhou 姐
Fengshun 姐
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 婆
Wu Shanghai 爾奶, 阿奶, 奶奶
Shanghai (Chongming) 裡婆, 親婆, 婆, 阿婆, 婆阿
Suzhou 好婆, 好親婆, 親婆
Wuxi 親娘
Danyang 嫚嫚
Hangzhou 奶奶
Ningbo 阿娘
Wenzhou 娘娘, 祖婆, 祖婆娘, 阿娘
Jinhua 媽媽
Jinhua (Tangxi) 媽媽
Xiang Changsha 娭毑
Xiangtan 娭毑
Loudi 佳婆, 奶奶
Shuangfeng 奶奶
Quanzhou 奶奶

Derived terms

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
祖 母
そ
Grade: 5 		ぼ
Grade: 2
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
祖母 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 祖母 (MC tsuX muwX). Uses the kan'yōon for the 母 character, indicating a sound change within the Japanese language.

Pronunciation

Noun

祖(そ)母(ぼ) • (sobo) 

  1. grandmother

Related terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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