神酒

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Japanese

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神酒 (shinshu, miki, miwa): two bottles of sacramental sake used as a Shinto offering.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
しん
Grade: 3
しゅ
Grade: 3
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
神酒 (kyūjitai)

Possibly from Middle Chinese compound 神酒 (ʑiɪn t͡sɨuX, literally god + wine).

Alternatively, coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of (shin, god, spirit) +‎ (shu, wine, liquor, alcohol).

The individual character readings are kan'on shin + goon shu, suggesting either an innovation in the reading after borrowing, or a Japanese coinage.

Pronunciation

Noun

(しん)(しゅ) (shinshu

  1. sacramental sake used in a Shinto ceremony
  2. ambrosia, nectar
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3

Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
神酒 (kyūjitai)
御酒

From Old Japanese 御酒 (mi1ki1). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *mi-ki.

Compound of (mi, honorific prefix used in spiritual contexts) +‎ (ki, wine, liquor, alcohol, ancient root, not found in many words).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

()() (miki

  1. sacramental sake used in a Shinto ceremony
  2. ambrosia, nectar
Usage notes

In Shinto contexts, often prefixed with the honorific o- as 御神酒, 大御酒 (omiki), or ō- “great” as 大神酒 (ōmiki).

Synonyms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3

Grade: 3
irregular
Alternative spellings
神酒 (kyūjitai)
御酒

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE. Compound of (mi, honorific prefix used in spiritual contexts) +‎ (wa, a morpheme of uncertain derivation).[1][2][3] The final wa may be related to (awa, bubble) in reference to the bubbles of fermentation (compare 泡盛 (awamori, Okinawan rice-based strong spirits, literally lots of bubbles)), but this is only speculation.

Pronunciation

Noun

()() (miwa

  1. (obsolete) sacramental sake used in a Shinto ceremony
  2. (obsolete) ambrosia, nectar
Usage notes

The miwa reading appears to be obsolete.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN