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Translingual
Han character
禁 (Kangxi radical 113, 示 +8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木一一火 (DDMMF ), four-corner 44901 , composition ⿱林 示 )
Derived characters
僸 , 凚 , 噤 , 㦗 , 㩒 , 澿 , 㯲 , 襟 , 䌝 (𦈟 ), 齽 (𬺔 ), 㱈 , 䫴 (𩖗 )
Additional Derived Characters
𡑲 , 𡢾 , 𣋜 , 𭭵 , 𤐖 , 𦡞 , 𥋴 , 𥖜 , 𬓛 , 𥢻 , 𥽍 , 𬜏 , 𨆃 , 𨣤 , 𨭺 , 𪊅
𣰙 , 𠢱 , 𪇎 , 𭂃 , 𦽔 , 𢋎 , 𤻎 , 𠢵
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 844 , character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24743
Dae Jaweon: page 1264, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2400, character 4
Unihan data for U+7981
Chinese
trad.
禁
simp. #
禁
alternative forms
噤 Cantonese kam1 襟 Cantonese kam1 come Cantonese kam1
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
婪
*ɡ·ruːm
惏
*ɡ·ruːm
啉
*ɡ·ruːm
漤
*ɡ·ruːmʔ
醂
*ɡ·ruːmʔ
林
*ɡ·rɯm
琳
*ɡ·rɯm
淋
*ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms
痳
*ɡ·rɯm
箖
*ɡ·rɯm
霖
*ɡ·rɯm
菻
*ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms
罧
*slɯmʔ, *srɯms
棽
*r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm
綝
*r̥ʰɯm
郴
*r̥ʰɯm
禁
*krɯm, *krɯms
襟
*krɯm
僸
*krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿
*ɡrɯm
噤
*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
凚
*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
齽
*ɡrɯms
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *krɯm, *krɯms ): phonetic 林 ( OC *ɡ·rɯm ) + semantic 示 ( “ altar ” ) .
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krim ( “ custom, prohibition ” ) . Compare Tibetan ཁྲིམས ( khrims , “ law, rule; habit ” ) , Mizo hrem ( “ to punish ” ) and Japhug khrɯm ( “ punishment ” ) , although the latter may be borrowed from Tibetan (Jacques, 2015 ; Jacques, 2004: 89) .
Schessler (2007) also adds Burmese ခြိမ်း ( hkrim: , “ to threaten ” ) to the list of the possible cognates, however this word likely belongs to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-krim ( “ to threaten ” ) .
Pronunciation 1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
禁
Reading #
1/2
No.
8180
Phonetic component
林
Rime group
侵
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
金
Old Chinese
/*krɯm/
Definitions
禁
to bear ; to endure
to be able to withstand
我 唔 禁 激 㗎 。 ngo5 m4 kam1 gik1 gaa3 . I can not stand getting annoyed.
( chiefly in the negative ) to contain oneself; to restrain oneself
to torment ; to torture
( Cantonese ) durable
Synonym: 耐 ( Mandarin )
件 衫 啲 料 好 禁 喎 。 件 衫 啲 料 好 禁 㖞 。 gin6 saam1 di1 liu6-2 hou2 kam1 wo3 . The shirt's material is quite durable .
alternative form of 襟 ( jīn , “ coat sash ; belt (to fasten clothes); girdle ” )
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
Note :
géng - literary;
gêng - vernacular (“to warn; to caution against”).
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
禁
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jìn
Middle Chinese
‹ kimH ›
Old Chinese
/*krm-s/
English
prohibit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
禁
Reading #
2/2
No.
8181
Phonetic component
林
Rime group
侵
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
禁
Old Chinese
/*krɯms/
Definitions
禁
to prohibit ; to forbid ; to restrict
to pin down ; to restrain
to block ; to hinder
to imprison ; to detain ; to take into custody
to use incantation
to store up; to hoard
ban ; prohibition ; restriction ; interdict
taboo ; banned item or thing
prison ; jail ; confinement
( historical ) court ; palace
( historical ) ritual table ; wine altar
sorcery ; incantation ; spell
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
禁
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji )
to ban , to prohibit , to forbid
to confine
palace
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 禁 (MC kim| kimH ). The kan'on , so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
禁( きん ) • (kin )
ban , prohibition
banned , prohibited , forbidden
転( てん ) 載( さい ) 禁( きん ) tensai kin Reproduction prohibited .
References
Korean
Hanja
禁 (eumhun 금할 금 ( geumhal geum ) )
hanja form? of 금 ( “ prohibition ” )
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
禁 : Hán Nôm readings: cấm , bấm , quắm
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