福

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福 U+798F, 福
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798F
← 禎
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禐 →

福 U+FA1B, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B
← 祥
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靖 →

福 U+2F956, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956
← 𥛅
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 秫 →

Translingual

Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

福 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火一口田 (IFMRW), four-corner 31266, composition ⿰礻畐(GHTJV) or ⿰⺬畐(K))

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
福

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 845, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+798F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 福
alternative forms 畗 ancient
茀
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 福 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 福 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 福
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pɯɡ): semantic 示 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology 1

Proto-Sino-Tibetan . Cognate with 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”), Tibetan ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “livestock”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • bor6 - vernacular;
  • horh6 - literary.
Rime
Character 福
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方六切
Baxter pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/piuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pək/
English blessing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
No. 3395
Phonetic
component 		畐
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		福
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯɡ/

Definitions

福

  1. blessing; happiness; prosperity; good fortune
    口福  ―  kǒufú  ―  gourmet's luck
    享福  ―  xiǎngfú  ―  to enjoy a happy life
    托你的福  ―  tuō nǐ de fú  ―  thanks to you
    禍福相依／祸福相依  ―  huòfúxiàngyī  ―  fortune and misfortune are interdependent
    福如東海／福如东海  ―  fúrúdōnghǎi  ―  to have boundless happiness
  2. (obsolete) to bless
  3. short for 福建 (Fújiàn, “Fujian”)
  4. a surname, Fu

Synonyms

  • (blessing): 幸福 (xìngfú)
  • (good fortune):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “blessing”): (literary, or in compounds) 禍／祸 (huò)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (福):
  • → Japanese: 福(ふく) (fuku)
  • → Korean: 복(福) (bok)
  • → Vietnamese: phúc (福), phước (福)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 福 – see 褔 (“to be filled with; to brim with; to have in abundance; etc.”).
(This character is an erroneous or mistaken form of 褔).

Etymology 3

Perhaps a beautified form (雅化) of 北 (pak, “North”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

福

  1. only used in 長福／长福 (Tn̂g-pak, “a place in Longhai, Fujian”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

福

  1. only used in 上福 (Chiūⁿ-phah, “a place in Quanzhou, Fujian”)

Etymology 5

Unclear. May be a beautified form (雅化) of a word meaning "cape" (compare 岬).

Alternatively, the "Nan'an county toponymical records" (《南安縣地名志》), 1981, interprets the local place name 長福 / 长福 (Tn̂g-hah) as "sunburnt for a long time", and provides 長𣆗 / 长𣆗 as the original form. Compare 暍 (hahⁿ, “to burn or dry (of the sunlight)”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

福

  1. (Quanzhou Hokkien) (used in place names)
    古福   ―  Khó͘-hah   ―  (village in Jinjiang)
    霞福   ―  Ě-hah   ―  (village in Jinjiang)
    西福   ―  Sai-hah   ―  (residential community in Fengze, Quanzhou)
    長福／长福   ―  Tn̂g-hah   ―  (a village in Nan'an and a residential community in Shishi)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Definitions

福

  1. only used in 福埔 (Hiahⁿ-po͘, “a place in Jinjiang, Fujian”)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 福
Kyūjitai
福
&#xFA1B;
or
福+&#xFE00;?
福󠄁
福+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
福󠄃
福+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

福

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 福)

  1. good fortune, good luck

Readings


Etymology

Kanji in this term
福
ふく
Grade: 3
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
福 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 福 (MC pjuwk).

Pronunciation

Noun

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. good luck, good fortune
    Synonym: 幸運 (kōun)
    Antonym: 禍 (ka)
  2. happiness
  3. (Shinto, Buddhism) a blessing

Derived terms

Adjective

福(ふく) • (fuku) -na (adnominal 福(ふく)な (fuku na), adverbial 福(ふく)に (fuku ni))

  1. wealthy

Inflection

Inflection of 福
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 福だろ ふくだろ fuku daro
Continuative (連用形) 福で ふくで fuku de
Terminal (終止形) 福だ ふくだ fuku da
Attributive (連体形) 福な ふくな fuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 福なら ふくなら fuku nara
Imperative (命令形) 福であれ ふくであれ fuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 福ではない
福じゃない 		ふくではない
ふくじゃない 		fuku de wa nai
fuku ja nai
Informal past 福だった ふくだった fuku datta
Informal negative past 福ではなかった
福じゃなかった 		ふくではなかった
ふくじゃなかった 		fuku de wa nakatta
fuku ja nakatta
Formal 福です ふくです fuku desu
Formal negative 福ではありません
福じゃありません 		ふくではありません
ふくじゃありません 		fuku de wa arimasen
fuku ja arimasen
Formal past 福でした ふくでした fuku deshita
Formal negative past 福ではありませんでした
福じゃありませんでした 		ふくではありませんでした
ふくじゃありませんでした 		fuku de wa arimasen deshita
fuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 福で ふくで fuku de
Conditional 福なら（ば） ふくなら（ば） fuku nara (ba)
Provisional 福だったら ふくだったら fuku dattara
Volitional 福だろう ふくだろう fuku darō
Adverbial 福に ふくに fuku ni
Degree 福さ ふくさ fukusa

Proper noun

福(ふく) • (Fuku) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Affix

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. short for 福岡 (Fukuoka): Fukuoka (a prefecture of Japan)

References

  1. ^ “福”, in 漢字ぺディア ‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

福 (eumhun 복 복 (bok bok))

  1. hanja form? of 복 (“fortune”)

Vietnamese

Han character

福: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phước, Phúc

  1. happy
  2. fortunate
  3. blessing
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