穆民
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Chinese
| solemn; harmonious; peaceful | the people; nationality; citizen | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (穆民) |
穆 | 民 | |
Etymology
Phono-semantic matching of Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin, “believer; faithful”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mùmín
- Wade–Giles: mu4-min2
- Yale: mù-mín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhmin
- Palladius: муминь (muminʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu⁵¹ min³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мумин (mumin, III-II) / мәмин (məmin, II-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou⁴⁴ miŋ⁵¹/, /mə⁵¹ miŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: muk6 man4
- Yale: muhk màhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: muk9 man4
- Guangdong Romanization: mug6 men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊk̚² mɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
穆民
- believer in Islam; Muslim
- 如穆民，天方人之美稱也。或譯君或譯信士，或譯順者，皆不離穆民之義也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1710, 劉智 (Liu Zhi), 《天方典禮》 (The Rites of Islam)
- Rú mùmín, Tiānfāngrén zhī měichēng yě. Huò yì jūn huò yì xìnshì, huò yì shùnzhě, jiē bù lí mùmín zhī yì yě.
- For instance, Muslim, which is a laudatory title for the people of Islam. Sometimes it is translated as "noble person", sometimes as "believer", sometimes as "submitter"; none of these are separate from the meaning of Muslim.
如穆民，天方人之美称也。或译君或译信士，或译顺者，皆不离穆民之义也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 穆斯林 (“Muslim”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 穆斯林, 伊斯蘭教徒, 回教徒, 清真教徒 dated | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 穆斯林, 回教徒, 伊斯蘭教徒 |
| Malaysia | 穆斯林 | |
| Singapore | 回教徒 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 穆斯林 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 穆斯林 |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 穆斯林, 穆民 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 穆斯林, 穆民 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 穆斯林, 回教徒, 伊斯蘭教徒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 回教徒 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 回教徒 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 回教徒 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 回教徒 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 回教徒 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 回教徒 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 穆斯林 |
| Quanzhou | 穆斯林 | |
| Zhangzhou | 穆斯林 | |
| Taipei | 回教徒 GT | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 豬哥 derogatory | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |