積む

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
積
つ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「積む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		積む つむ
Imperative (命令形) 積め つめ
Key constructions
Passive 積まれる つまれる
Causative 積ませる つませる
Potential 積める つめる
Volitional 積もう つもー
Negative 積まない つまない
Negative perfective 積まなかった つまなかった
Formal 積みます つみます
Perfective 積んだ つんだ
Conjunctive 積んで つんで
Hypothetical conditional 積めば つめば

Verb

積(つ)む • (tsumu) transitive godan (stem 積(つ)み (tsumi), past 積(つ)んだ (tsunda))

Japanese verb pair
active 積む
mediopassive 積もる
  1. pile up

Conjugation

Conjugation of "積む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 積ま つま tsuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 積み つみ tsumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 積む つむ tsumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 積む つむ tsumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 積め つめ tsume
Meireikei ("imperative") 積め つめ tsume
Key constructions
Passive 積まれる つまれる tsumareru
Causative 積ませる
積ます 		つませる
つます 		tsumaseru
tsumasu
Potential 積める つめる tsumeru
Volitional 積もう つもう tsumō
Negative 積まない つまない tsumanai
Negative continuative 積まず つまず tsumazu
Formal 積みます つみます tsumimasu
Perfective 積んだ つんだ tsunda
Conjunctive 積んで つんで tsunde
Hypothetical conditional 積めば つめば tsumeba
Classical conjugation of "積む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 積ま つま tuma
Continuative (連用形) 積み つみ tumi
Terminal (終止形) 積む つむ tumu
Attributive (連体形) 積む つむ tumu
Realis (已然形) 積め つめ tume
Imperative (命令形) 積め つめ tume
Key constructions
Negative 積まず つまず tumazu
Contrasting conjunction 積めど つめど tumedo
Causal conjunction 積めば つめば tumeba
Conditional conjunction 積まば つまば tumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 積みき つみき tumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 積みけり つみけり tumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 積みつ つみつ tumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 積みぬ つみぬ tuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 積めり
積みたり		 つめり
つみたり		 tumeri
tumitari
Volitional 積まむ つまむ tumamu

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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