立つ

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
立
た
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *tatu.

Cognate with Japanese 建(た)つ (tatsu).

Possibly cognate with Korean 돋다 (dotda, “rise; grow”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "立つ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		立つ た​つ
Imperative (命令形) 立て た​て
Key constructions
Passive 立たれる たたれ​る
Causative 立たせる たたせ​る
Potential 立てる たて​る
Volitional 立とう たと​ー
Negative 立たない たた​ない
Negative perfective 立たなかった たた​なかった
Formal 立ちます たちま​す
Perfective 立った た​った
Conjunctive 立って た​って
Hypothetical conditional 立てば た​てば

Verb

立(た)つ • (tatsu) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち (tachi), past 立(た)った (tatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 立てる
mediopassive 立つ
  1. to stand, to stand up, to rise
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      門(もん)の所(ところ)に誰(だれ)かが立(た)っている
      mon no tokoro ni dareka ga tatte iru
      Someone is standing at the gate
  2. to depart
    地(ち)球(きゅう)を発(た)つ
    chikyū o tatsu
    to depart from Earth
  3. to close
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      戸(と)が立(た)つ
      to ga tatsu
      the door closes
  4. of something physical but not solid or liquid: to be released, to rise
    にんにくから香(かお)りが立(た)つ
    ninniku kara kaori ga tatsu
    a good smell rises from the garlic

Conjugation

Conjugation of "立つ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 立た たた tata
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 立ち たち tachi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 立つ たつ tatsu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 立つ たつ tatsu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 立て たて tate
Meireikei ("imperative") 立て たて tate
Key constructions
Passive 立たれる たたれる tatareru
Causative 立たせる
立たす 		たたせる
たたす 		tataseru
tatasu
Potential 立てる たてる tateru
Volitional 立とう たとう tatō
Negative 立たない たたない tatanai
Negative continuative 立たず たたず tatazu
Formal 立ちます たちます tachimasu
Perfective 立った たった tatta
Conjunctive 立って たって tatte
Hypothetical conditional 立てば たてば tateba
Classical conjugation of "立つ" (タ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 立た たた tata
Continuative (連用形) 立ち たち tati
Terminal (終止形) 立つ たつ tatu
Attributive (連体形) 立つ たつ tatu
Realis (已然形) 立て たて tate
Imperative (命令形) 立て たて tate
Key constructions
Negative 立たず たたず tatazu
Contrasting conjunction 立てど たてど tatedo
Causal conjunction 立てば たてば tateba
Conditional conjunction 立たば たたば tataba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 立ちき たちき tatiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 立ちけり たちけり tatikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 立ちつ たちつ tatitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 立ちぬ たちぬ tatinu
Perfect-continuative tense 立てり
立ちたり		 たてり
たちたり		 tateri
tatitari
Volitional 立たむ たたむ tatamu

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese tat-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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