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a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙(shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch
This instrument fell out of use for 雅楽(gagaku, “court music”) in the mid-Heian period, and was later reconstructed after World War II based in part on artifacts at the Shōsōin.
Idioms
竽を好むに瑟を鼓す(u o konomu ni shitsu o kosu): “to play a bass koto to someone who likes the u” → to do something that doesn't suit a person's tastes or preferences