糊口

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Chinese

		paste; cream; muddled paste; cream; muddled; scorched	mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils)
trad. (糊口/餬口)		糊/餬	口
simp. (糊口)		糊	口

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húkǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ hau²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húkǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húkǒu
  - Wade–Giles: hu²-kʻou³
  - Yale: hú-kǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwukoou
  - Palladius: хукоу (xukou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ hau²
  - Yale: wùh háu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ hau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ heo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: hu khuwX

Rime
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	戸吳切	苦后切
Baxter	hu	khuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/	/kʰəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/	/kʰəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/	/kʰəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/	/kʰəw^X/
Li Rong	/ɣo/	/kʰu^X/
Wang Li	/ɣu/	/kʰəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/	/kʰə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú	kǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴	hau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ˤa kʰˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː kʰoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú	kǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›	‹ khuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/Cə.ˁa/ (~ C.ˁa; no pre-Qín exx.)	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/
English	to paste (v.)	mouth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4251	7490
Phonetic component	古	口
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡	口
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/	/*kʰoːʔ/
Notes	俗同說文𪏻字，已見謝承後漢書

Verb

糊口

to scrape a meager living; to get by with difficulty; to eke out a livelihood
- 挫鍼治繲，足以糊口；鼓筴播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  挫针治𰬽，足以糊口；鼓策播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Cuò qián zhì jiè, zúyǐ húkǒu; gǔ jiā bō jīng, zúyǐ sì shí rén.
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

hak+nan-xia+nan-zha:賺食 / hak+nan-xia+nan-zha:赚食
nan-xia+nan-zha:度三頓 / nan-xia+nan-zha:度三顿 (with difficulty)
做食 (Puxian Min)
尋食 / 寻食 (Hakka)
就食 (jiùshí) (literary)
度喙飽 / 度喙饱 (Hokkien, with difficulty)
度食 (Hokkien)
搵食 / 揾食 (wan² sik⁶) (Cantonese)
混飯吃 / 混饭吃 (hùnfànchī) (colloquial)
營生 / 营生 (yíngshēng)
糊嘴 (húzuǐ) (dated)
討生活 / 讨生活 (tǎoshēnghuó)
討食 / 讨食
謀生 / 谋生 (móushēng)
趁食 (Min)
過活 / 过活 (guòhuó)

Derived terms

養家糊口 / 养家糊口 (yǎngjiāhúkǒu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (糊口):

→ Japanese: 糊(こ)口(こう) (kokō)
→ Korean: 호구(糊口) (hogu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
糊	口
こ Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative forms

餬口

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ここー (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

糊(こ)口(こう) • (kokō)

scraping a meager living

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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