縱

Translingual

Han character

縱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹人人 (VFHOO), four-corner 2898₁, composition ⿰糹從)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 935, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27819
• Dae Jaweon: page 1374, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3445, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7E31

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

縱

1. (literary) loose; relaxed
2. (literary) to shoot an arrow
3. (literary) to send out; to deliver

   縱火／纵火  ―  zònghuǒ  ―  to set aflame

4. to let go; to release; to set free

   諸葛亮七擒七縱孟獲 [MSC, trad.]
   诸葛亮七擒七纵孟获 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhūgě Liàng qīqínqīzòng Mèng Huò

   Zhuge Liang captured and released Meng Huo seven times.

   • 吾聞一日縱敵，數世之患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾闻一日纵敌，数世之患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wú wén yīrì zòng dí, shù shì zhī huàn yě.

     I have heard that if you let your enemy go a single day, you are preparing the misfortunes of several generations.

5. to let loose

   縱容／纵容  ―  zòngróng  ―  to tolerate

   • 縱一葦之所如，凌萬頃之茫然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1082, Su Shi, 前赤壁賦

     Zòng yī wěi zhī suǒ rú, líng wàn qǐng zhī mángrán.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. to jump up; to jump over
7. (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Leizhou Mina, Liuzhou Mandarin, Loudi Xiang) to spoil; to pamper

   佢細個嗰陣爸爸媽媽好縱佢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢细个嗰阵爸爸妈妈好纵佢。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ sai³ go³ go² zan^6-2 baa^1-4 baa¹ maa^1-4 maa¹ hou² zung³ keoi⁵.

   As a child, they were spoiled by their parents.

8. even if; even though

   • 縱我不往，子寧不來？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     纵我不往，子宁不来？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zòng wǒ bù wǎng, zǐ nìng bù lái?

     Although I do not go ,
     Why do you not come ?

   • 只有親愛並無怨仇， / 人民三千萬，人民三千萬， / 縱加十倍也得自由。 [MSC, trad.]
     只有亲爱并无怨仇， / 人民三千万，人民三千万， / 纵加十倍也得自由。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1933, National Anthem of Manchukuo (1933-1942)

     Zhǐyǒu qīn'ài bìng wú yuànchóu,  /  rénmín sān qiānwàn, rénmín sān qiānwàn,  /  zòng jiā shí bèi yě dé zìyóu.

     With only love and no hatred, / thirty million people, thirty million people, / at ten times more we should still be free.

9. a surname

Synonyms

• (even if):

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

縱

1. of the north-south direction; vertical
2. longitudinal; lengthwise
3. (historical) Short for 合縱／合纵 (hézòng, “to ally with”).
4. (military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”).
5. Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng, “trace”)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

縱

1. Used in 縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng, “hurried; numerous”).
2. Used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng, “to encourage”).

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

縱

1. (obsolete, of hair worn in a bun) big and tall

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 縦)

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Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū)
• Kun: たて (tate); たとえ (tatoe, 縱え); よしんば (yoshinba, 縱しんば); はなつ (hanatsu, 縱つ); ゆるす (yurusu, 縱す); ほしいまま (hoshiimama, 縱)

Korean

Hanja

縱 (eum 종 (jong))

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縱 (eum 총 (chong))

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Vietnamese

Han character

縱: Hán Nôm readings: túng, tung

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