翼

Translingual

Han character

翼 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸一田廿金 (SMWTC), four-corner 1780₁, composition ⿱羽異)

Derived characters

• 𰃇 瀷 龮 㢞

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 959, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28801
• Dae Jaweon: page 1406, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3356, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7FFC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡ) : semantic 羽 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ C-jak (“arm, hand, wing”), especially if the Old Chinese is reconstructed with *l- (Schuessler, 2007; Handel, 2009). Cognate with 腋 (OC *laːɡ, “armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “hand, arm”), Burmese လက် (lak, “hand, arm”).

However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese with *-p instead of *-k because of evidence from the oracle bones, making it difficult to compare to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak.

Sagart (2020) proposes a revised Old Chinese reconstruction *m-rəp, which he compares to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/b-ram (“rib”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

翼

1. (literary or dialectal) wing (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)

   • 唯龍無翼者，升則乘雲 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     唯龙无翼者，升则乘云 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 80 CE, 王充 (Wang Chong), 《論衡·道虛篇》

     wéi lóng wú yì zhě, shēng zé chéngyún

     only dragons do not have wings; when they ascend they ride upon the clouds

2. wing (of an airplane)
3. (figurative) wing; flank

   右翼  ―  yòuyì  ―  right-wing (politics); right flank (military)

4. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings mansion, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
5. (literary, or in compounds) to assist
6. a surname: Yi

Synonyms

• (wing):

• (to help):

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to help”):

Compounds

Descendants

References

• “翼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	翼
Kyūjitai	翼󠄄 翼+󠄄? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: いき (iki)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
• Kun: つばさ (tsubasa, 翼, Jōyō); たすける (tasukeru, 翼ける)
• Nanori: すけ (suke); たすく (tasuku); つばさ (tsubasa)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

翼

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Wing

Wikipedia

/tubasa/ → /t͡subasa/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly a shift from a compound of 鳥(と) (to, “bird”) + 総(ふさ) (fusa, “tassel”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つばさ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

翼(つばさ) • (tsubasa) 

1. a wing (of a bird or bat)
   • 2015 September 19, “輝(き)銀(ぎん)の天空船(スカイシップ)－レオ号(ごう)”, in EXTRA PACK 2015, Konami:

     輝(き)銀(ぎん)の翼(つばさ)は栄(えい)光(こう)の印(しるし)。
     その証(あかし)は言(こと)葉(ば)によって語(かた)られる。

     Kigin no tsubasa wa eikō no shirushi.
     Sono akashi wa kotoba ni yotte katarareru.

     Her silvery wings display her glory.
     The proof of her glories are told in legend.

2. (by extension) a bird

   Synonyms: 鳥 (tori), 鳥類 (chōrui)

3. (aviation) an airfoil, wing
4. (by extension) an aircraft

See also

• 羽(はね) (hane)

Proper noun

翼(つばさ) • (Tsubasa) 

1. a male or female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 翼 (MC yik).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​く (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. a wing (of a bird or insect)

   Synonym: 羽翼 (uyoku)

2. (aviation) an airfoil
3. (military) a flank
4. a blade (of a propeller, turbine, etc.) with the same cross section of an aircraft wing

Counter

翼(よく) • (-yoku) 

1. counter for wings of birds
2. (by extension) counter for birds
3. counter for boats

   Synonyms: 隻 (seki), 艘 (sō)

Affix

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. wing (of a bird, insect, aircraft, etc.)
2. (by extension) something overhanging both left and right, like a wing
3. assist, help, support

Proper noun

翼(よく) • (Yoku) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonym: 襷星 (Tasukiboshi)

2. a female given name

Etymology 3

Nominalization of classical verb 助く (tasuku), modern 助ける (tasukeru, “to assist, help; rescue, save”).

Proper noun

翼(たすく) • (Tasuku) 

1. a female given name

References

Korean

Hanja

翼 (eumhun 날개 익 (nalgae ik))

1. wings
2. fins (of a fish)
3. shelter

Old Japanese

Alternative forms

• 翅

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

翼 (tubasa) (kana つばさ)

1. a wing (of a bird)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2238:
     , text here

     天飛也鴈之翅乃覆羽之何處漏香霜之零異牟

     amato₂bu ya kari no₂ tubasa no₂ opopi₁ba no₂ iduku morite ka simo no₂ purike₁mu

     Flying in the sky, a wild goose having wings; it's warming feather, that's leaking somewhere out there; a frost seems to have fallen.

Descendants

• Japanese: 翼 (つばさ, tsubasa)

Vietnamese

Han character

翼: Hán Nôm readings: dực

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