肝膽

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Chinese

		liver	the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder
trad. (肝膽)		肝	膽
simp. (肝胆)		肝	胆

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāndǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄉㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ daam²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-tám / kan-táⁿ / koaⁿ-táⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāndǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄉㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gandǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-tan³
  - Yale: gān-dǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gandaan
  - Palladius: ганьдань (ganʹdanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gon¹ daam²
  - Yale: gōn dáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ daam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ dam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ taːm³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-tám
  - Tâi-lô: kan-tám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kandarm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-táⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kan-tánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kandvar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-táⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuann-tánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'dvar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁵³/

Noun

肝膽

(literally) liver and gallbladder
- 忘其肝膽，遺其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  忘其肝胆，遗其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translation from The Complete Works Of Chuang Tzu (2013), by Burton Watson
  Wàng qí gāndǎn, yí qí ěrmù,......
  They forget the liver and gall, cast aside the ears and eyes,
(figurative) openheartedness; sincerity
(figurative) heroic spirit; courage
(figurative) intimacy

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (肝膽):

→ Korean: 간담(肝膽) (gandam)
→ Vietnamese: can đảm (肝膽)

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