肩

Translingual

Alternative forms

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

• Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
• Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 户.
• Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 戸.

Han character

肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 3022₇, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
• Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
• Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script File:ACC-s03005.svg s03005 File:ACC-s03006.svg s03006 Transcribed ancient scripts File:ACC-L31946.svg L31946 File:ACC-L31947.svg L31947 File:ACC-L06839.svg L06839 File:ACC-L06840.svg L06840 L06841
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (“shoulder”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

肩

1. shoulders

   扛兩百斤麥子走十里山路不換肩 [MSC, trad.]
   扛两百斤麦子走十里山路不换肩 [MSC, simp.]

   From: Xi Jinping

   káng liǎng bǎi jīn màizǐ zǒu shílǐ shānlù bù huàn jiān

   Shoulder 100kg of wheat and walk 5km of mountain trail without swapping shoulder.

   • 歷史已經證明：中國資產階級是不能盡此責任的，這個責任就不得不落在無產階級的肩上了。 [MSC, trad.]
     历史已经证明：中国资产阶级是不能尽此责任的，这个责任就不得不落在无产阶级的肩上了。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Lìshǐ yǐjīng zhèngmíng: Zhōngguó zīchǎnjiējí shì bùnéng jìn cǐ zérèn de, zhège zérèn jiù bùdébù luòzài wúchǎnjiējí de jiān shàng le.

     History has proved that the Chinese bourgeoisie cannot fulfil this responsibility, which inevitably falls upon the shoulders of the proletariat.

2. to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
3. to bear

Synonyms

• (shoulders):

• (to bear):

Compounds

References

• “肩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	肩
Kyūjitai	肩󠄁 肩+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	肩󠄃 肩+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. shoulder

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: かた (kata, 肩, Jōyō)

Pronunciation

 肩 on Japanese Wikipedia

• (Tokyo) か​た (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

肩(かた) • (kata) 

1. a shoulder
   • 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “３(さん)撃(げき)目(め)　災(さい)害(がい)存(そん)在(ざい)”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】), 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:

     肩(かた)！肩(かた)に　肩(かた)に乗(の)ってる奴(やつ)を殺(ころ)せ‼

     Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼

     Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

肩

Wikisource

肩 (eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon))

1. Hanja form^? of 견 (“shoulder”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.