育む

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
育
はぐく
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
哺む
嬭む (rare)
妳む (rare)
奶む (rare)

Etymology

Possibly from 羽(は) (ha, “wing”) + 含(くく)む (kukumu, “to contain”).

Pronunciation

Verb

育(はぐく)む or 育(はごく)む • (hagukumu or hagokumu) transitive godan (stem 育(はぐく)み (hagukumi), past 育(はぐく)んだ (hagukunda))

  1. raise, bring up, rear

Conjugation

Conjugation of "育む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 育ま はぐくま hagukuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 育み はぐくみ hagukumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 育む はぐくむ hagukumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 育む はぐくむ hagukumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 育め はぐくめ hagukume
Meireikei ("imperative") 育め はぐくめ hagukume
Key constructions
Passive 育まれる はぐくまれる hagukumareru
Causative 育ませる
育ます 		はぐくませる
はぐくます 		hagukumaseru
hagukumasu
Potential 育める はぐくめる hagukumeru
Volitional 育もう はぐくもう hagukumō
Negative 育まない はぐくまない hagukumanai
Negative continuative 育まず はぐくまず hagukumazu
Formal 育みます はぐくみます hagukumimasu
Perfective 育んだ はぐくんだ hagukunda
Conjunctive 育んで はぐくんで hagukunde
Hypothetical conditional 育めば はぐくめば hagukumeba

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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