脛
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Translingual
Han character
脛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一女一 (BMVM), four-corner 71211, composition ⿰月巠)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 983, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29504
- Dae Jaweon: page 1435, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2077, character 9
- Unihan data for U+811B
Chinese
| trad. | 脛 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 胫 | |
| alternative forms | 踁／胫 | |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)
Etymology
Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).
莖 (OC *ɡreːŋ, “stalk”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
- Wade–Giles: ching4
- Yale: jìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ging3
- Yale: ging
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging3
- Guangdong Romanization: ging3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hengX, hengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʰˤeŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋʔ/, /*ɡeːŋs/
Definitions
脛
Compounds
Descendants
References
- “脛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
| 𦙾 | |
| 脛 |
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦙾)
Readings
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei)←けい (kei, historical)
- Kun: すね (sune, 脛)、はぎ (hagi, 脛)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 脛 |
| すね Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 臑 腨 脚 髄 |
From Old Japanese すね (sune, “marrow”); appears in the Kojiki (712) in the name of a deity: 登美能那賀須泥毘古 (to₂mi₁-no₂-naga-sune-bi₁ko₁), whose name is also attested logographically in the Nihon Shoki (720) as 長髄彦.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
This is the most common term for "shin" in Japanese.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 脛 |
| はぎ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese はぎ (pagi₁). Attested in Shōsōin documents from 740 with the spelling 波岐 (pagi₁).[5][6] Also attested in the Hitachi no kuni Fudoki in the form 夜都賀波岐 (ya-tuka-pagi₁, “indigenous people < a person with a long shin”).[5] In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *panki.
As seen below, the pitch accent of this word in the Heian period contains a rising pitch in the first syllable, and Ryukyuan cognates show reflexes of proto-Ryukyuan class C, which is rare for class 3 accent words, hinting at some kind of contraction.
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) RL
- (the Kamakura period) HL?
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [6]
Noun
References
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 390
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “すね 【脛・臑・腨・脚・髄】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 573
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 “はぎ 【脛】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.
Korean
Hanja
脛 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
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Vietnamese
Han character
脛: Hán Nôm readings: hĩnh; hỉnh; hểnh; kinh; cảnh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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