脫

Translingual

Han character

脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or 難月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 7821₆, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))

Derived characters

• 𦸍, 𭊕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 984, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
• Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
• Unihan data for U+812B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);

Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha (flját, fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).

In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

脫

1. to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
2. to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
3. to leave out; to miss; to omit
4. rapid; swift; fast
5. unaffected; free; at ease
6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint
7. (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and

   • 二噁英 二噁英 邪氣惡形 / 所以 濕垃圾脫乾垃圾要分分清 [Shanghainese, trad.]
     二𫫇英 二𫫇英 邪气恶形 / 所以 湿垃圾脱干垃圾要分分清 [Shanghainese, simp.]

     From: 2019, 王渊超 (Wang Yuanchao) (lyrics and music), 《垃圾分类再垃圾倒》

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

8. (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.

Usage notes

• (Northern Wu): see 脫了#Usage notes

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Ahom: 𑜌𑜨𑜄𑜫 (thot)
• → Lao: ຖອດ (thǭt)
• → Lü: ᦏᦸᧆᧈ (ṫhoad¹)
• → Northern Thai: ᨳᩬᨯ
• → Tai Dón: ꪖꪮꪒ
• → Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥖᥱ (thǒt)
• → Thai: ถอด (tɔ̀ɔt)
• → Shan: ထွတ်ႇ (thàut)

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

脫

1. Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”).
2. Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”)
3. a surname

References

• “脫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)

1. take off, remove
2. escape, get away

Readings

• Go-on: だち (dachi); たい (tai)
• Kan-on: だつ (datsu); たい (tai)
• Kun: ぬぐ (nugu, 脫ぐ); ぬける (nukeru, 脫ける); ぬげる (nugeru, 脫げる)

Usage notes

This form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.

Further reading

• Image at Waseda University of the foreword from 代微積拾級訳解 (Dai Biseki Jikkyū Yakkai), an 1872 Japanese translation of the 1851 book Elements of Analytical Geometry and of the Differential and Integral Calculus by Elias Loomis; this rare character form is seen in roughly the center of the leftmost column of text on that page.

Korean

Hanja

脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脫: Hán Nôm readings: thoát

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.