脫了

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Chinese

perfective perfective
trad. (脫了)
simp. (脱了)
alternative forms 脫嘞脱嘞
脫勒脱勒
脫拉脱拉

Pronunciation


Particle

脫了 (Northern Wu)

  1. Used to indicate the occurrence of an action that results in a loss, vanishment or a negative outcome.
    腦子脫了脑子脱了 [Shanghainese]  ―  6nau-tsy 6wa-theq-leq [Wugniu]  ―  Brain's busted
    太陽脫了 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    太阳脱了 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    5tha-yan 7peq 6yun 1tso-theq-leq [Wugniu]
    The sun was hidden by the clouds.
  2. Used to indicate that the consumption or disposition of a certain number of objects has been completed.
  3. Used to indicate that the completion of a due task has been achieved.

Usage notes

The terms 脫了, , and (and/or variations of which) all indicate the perfective aspect in a number of Northern Wu languages, though they do differ in use. The vocabulary and grammar used will be based on Shanghainese, though it can be appropriated to others.

  • most basically connotes the vanishing or, harm to, or disadvantage to something resulting from an action. Compare the following:
From there, it was broadened to generally refer to the completedness, vanishing, or disposal of a thing or task, e.g.:
  • As a modal particle, mostly appears at the end of a sentence, which is used to mark the occurrence or "happening" of an event. Compare the following two instances of dinner completion:
Where it is not that the speaker is going to finish eating the dinner some other time. The completion of dinner has already happened and is true.
Where the completion of dinner is not necessarily complete. It may be that watching the television is ought to be done afterwards, or that the speaker is announcing this as a routine.
  • As an aspect particle, marks the action's completion. For example:
Traditionally, this sense would use the term , though it is somewhat old-fashioned noawadays in Shanghainese.
  • Most uses of 脫了脱了 is used like a merge between and as a modal particle. It informs the speaker that the verb is completed but is new information.
  • One important distinction between the two is that can be used in moods whereby the action referred to by the verb has not yet taken place (such as in imperatives and subjunctives), as opposed to . For instance:
is correct, whilst
is not.
  • can also be used in non-temporal contexts:
With 脫 here the speaker establishes the current state of the phone "having been lost", without presenting this as a change of state as 脫了 would.
  • The speaker's positivity to the result can also be noticed. For instance:

Synonyms