腹
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Translingual
Han character
腹 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月人日水 (BOAE), four-corner 78247, composition ⿰月复)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29722
- Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2097, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8179
Chinese
| trad. | 腹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 腹 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 腹 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puɡ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ) – a part of the body.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-puːk (“belly; vitals; hollow object; cave”); cognate with 𥨍 (“cave”), Tibetan ཕུགས (phugs, “innermost parts”), Burmese ဗိုက် (buik, “belly; pregnancy”), အပေါက် (a.pauk, “hole”), Chepang तुक् (“belly; stomach”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi(ʔ)-buk (“guts”), Cogtse Situ (tə-pōk, “belly”), Brag-bar Situ (tə-vōk, “belly”), Proto-Tani *puk (“heart”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Also compare Austroasiatic words: Proto-Mon-Khmer *bo()k (“belly”), Khmer ពោះ (pŭəh, “belly”), Vietnamese bụng (“belly”)(Shorto, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fuh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): feh4
- Northern Min (KCR): bŭ / hŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): bók / hók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7foq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fù
- Wade–Giles: fu4
- Yale: fù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
- Wade–Giles: fu3
- Yale: fǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fuk1
- Yale: fūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: fuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: fug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fuuk2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɵk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fuh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: puk
- Hakka Romanization System: bugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bug5
- Sinological IPA: /puk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- Meixian:
- bug5 - vernacular;
- fug5 - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: feh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bŭ / hŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²⁴/, /xu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- bŭ - vernacular;
- hŭ - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bók / hók
- Sinological IPA (key): /pouʔ²⁴/, /houʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- bók - vernacular;
- hók - literary.
Note:
- pak - vernacular (“abdomen; belly-shaped object; inside; ”);
- hok - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bag4 / hog4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak / hok
- Sinological IPA (key): /pak̚²/, /hok̚²/
Note:
- bag4 - vernacular;
- hog4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: pjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*puɡ/
Definitions
腹
- (anatomy) belly; abdomen
- (figurative) belly-shaped object; belly (of a bottle, jar, etc.)
- (figurative) heart; mind
- (figurative) inside; interior
- (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for for a full container of something.: stomachful
- 一腹火 [Hokkien] ― chi̍t pak hé [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― a stomachful of anger
- 一腹尿 [Hokkien] ― chi̍t pak liō [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― a pee
Synonyms
- (belly):
Dialectal synonyms of 肚子 (“belly”)
- (heart):
- 內心／内心 (nèixīn)
- 寸心 (cùnxīn) (literary)
- 心上 (xīnshàng)
- 心中 (xīnzhōng)
- 心內／心内 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 心地 (xīndì)
- 心坎 (xīnkǎn)
- 心曲 (xīnqū) (literary)
- 心田 (xīntián)
- 心窩／心窝 (xīnwō) (figurative, poetic)
- 心窩子／心窝子 (xīnwōzi) (figurative, poetic)
- 心裡／心里 (xīnlǐ)
- 心頭／心头 (xīntóu)
- 心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
- 意下 (yìxià) (literary)
- 私心 (sīxīn)
- 肚子 (figurative)
- 肚裡／肚里 (dùlǐ)
- 肺肝 (fèigān) (literary)
- 胸 (xiōng)
- 胸中 (xiōngzhōng) (literary)
- 胸坎 (xiōngkǎn) (literary)
Compounds
- 人工氣腹／人工气腹
- 令人捧腹
- 使心用腹
- 借腹生子
- 傾腸倒腹／倾肠倒腹
- 儉腹／俭腹
- 切腹自殺／切腹自杀
- 剖腹
- 剖腹手術／剖腹手术
- 剖腹生產／剖腹生产
- 剖腹藏珠
- 口腹 (kǒufù)
- 口腹之欲 (kǒufùzhīyù)
- 口蜜腹劍／口蜜腹剑 (kǒumìfùjiàn)
- 吐露心腹
- 含哺鼓腹
- 坦腹
- 坦腹東床／坦腹东床
- 壞腹／坏腹
- 大腹便便 (dàfùpiánpián)
- 大腹賈／大腹贾 (dàfùgǔ)
- 孝先便腹
- 小腹 (xiǎofù)
- 山腹 (shānfù)
- 帕腹
- 心腹 (xīnfù)
- 心腹之交 (xīnfù zhī jiāo)
- 心腹之患 (xīnfùzhīhuàn)
- 心腹之憂／心腹之忧
- 心腹之疾
- 心腹事 (xīnfùshì)
- 心腹大患 (xīnfùdàhuàn)
- 心腹話／心腹话
- 心腹重患
- 心謗腹非／心谤腹非
- 怨氣滿腹／怨气满腹
- 慘腹／惨腹
- 打腹稿
- 披心腹
- 抱腹 (bàofù)
- 抹腹
- 披腹心
- 指腹割衿
- 指腹為婚／指腹为婚
- 指腹裁襟
- 推心置腹
- 推心致腹
- 捧腹 (pěngfù)
- 捧腹大笑 (pěngfùdàxiào)
- 推誠置腹／推诚置腹
- 撐腸拄腹／撑肠拄腹
- 擊壤鼓腹／击壤鼓腹
- 斷脰決腹／断脰决腹
- 木心石腹
- 東床坦腹／东床坦腹
- 果腹 (guǒfù)
- 枵腹
- 枵腹從公／枵腹从公
- 枵腹重趼
- 氣腹／气腹
- 波腹 (bōfù)
- 河魚腹疾／河鱼腹疾
- 滿腹／满腹 (mǎnfù)
- 滿腹心事／满腹心事
- 滿腹憂愁／满腹忧愁
- 滿腹才學／满腹才学
- 滿腹文章／满腹文章
- 滿腹牢騷／满腹牢骚
- 滿腹狐疑／满腹狐疑 (mǎnfùhúyí)
- 滿腹珠璣／满腹珠玑 (mǎnfùzhūjī)
- 滿腹經綸／满腹经纶 (mǎnfùjīnglún)
- 熱腹／热腹
- 牢騷滿腹／牢骚满腹
- 破腹
- 空腹 (kōngfù)
- 空腹便便
- 空腹高心
- 窨腹
- 精神滿腹／精神满腹
- 經綸滿腹／经纶满腹
- 胎死腹中 (tāisǐfùzhōng)
- 胸腹
- 腹便便
- 腹側體腔／腹侧体腔
- 腹地 (fùdì)
- 腹婚妻
- 腹式呼吸
- 腹心 (fùxīn)
- 腹心之友
- 腹心之患
- 腹心之疾
- 腸慌腹熱／肠慌腹热
- 腹有鱗甲／腹有鳞甲
- 腹枵
- 腹案 (fù'àn)
- 腹水 (fùshuǐ)
- 腹瀉／腹泻
- 腹熱／腹热
- 腹熱心煎／腹热心煎
- 腹熱腸荒／腹热肠荒
- 腹疾
- 腹痛 (fùtòng)
- 腹直肌 (fùzhíjī)
- 腹省
- 腹稿
- 腹笥 (fùsì)
- 腹笥甚廣／腹笥甚广
- 腹筋 (fùjīn)
- 腹肌 (fùjī)
- 腹股溝／腹股沟 (fùgǔgōu)
- 腹背
- 腹胃
- 腹背之毛
- 腹背受敵／腹背受敌 (fùbèishòudí)
- 腹腔 (fùqiāng)
- 腹腔懷孕／腹腔怀孕
- 腹膜 (fùmó)
- 腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
- 腹臍／腹脐
- 腹裡／腹里 (fùlǐ)
- 腹診／腹诊 (fùzhěn)
- 腹語／腹语 (fùyǔ)
- 腹語術／腹语术 (fùyǔshù)
- 腹誹／腹诽 (fùfěi)
- 腹誹心謗／腹诽心谤
- 腹議／腹议
- 腹足類／腹足类
- 腹部 (fùbù)
- 腹面
- 腹鰭／腹鳍 (fùqí)
- 草腹菜腸／草腹菜肠
- 葬身魚腹／葬身鱼腹
- 彪腹狼腰 (biāo fù láng yāo)
- 蟬腹／蝉腹
- 蟬腹龜腸／蝉腹龟肠
- 諫而剖腹／谏而剖腹
- 貼心貼腹／贴心贴腹
- 遺腹／遗腹 (yífù)
- 遺腹子／遗腹子 (yífùzǐ)
- 量腹取足
- 錦心繡腹／锦心绣腹
- 鞭不及腹
- 韻腹／韵腹 (yùnfù)
- 食不果腹 (shíbùguǒfù)
- 飲河滿腹／饮河满腹
- 飽腹／饱腹 (bǎofù)
- 鼓腹 (gǔfù)
- 鼓腹含哺
- 鼓腹而遊／鼓腹而游
- 鼠腹雞腸／鼠腹鸡肠
- 鼴腹／鼹腹
Japanese
Kanji
腹
Readings
Compounds
Derived terms
- 一腹 (ippuku): one litter; one clutch (of eggs)
- 割腹 (kappuku): disembowelment
- 空腹 (kūfuku): hunger
- 山腹 (sanpuku): mountainside
- 私腹 (shifuku): his own profit
- 切腹 (seppuku): harakiri
- 鱈腹 (tarafuku): to one's heart's content
- 腹腔 (fukukū): abdominal cavity
- 腹話術 (fukuwajutsu): ventriloquism
- 腹筋 (fukkin): abdominal muscles
- 満腹 (manpuku): a glut
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 腹 |
| はら Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
- お腹 (onaka)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 腹 (MC pjuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 복〮 (pwók) (Yale: pwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
- 복근 (腹筋, bokgeun)
- 복부 (腹部, bokbu)
- 복막 (腹膜, bongmak)
- 복수 (腹水, boksu)
- 복배 (腹背, bokbae)
- 복강 (腹腔, bokgang)
- 복장 (腹臟, bokjang)
- 복절 (腹節, bokjeol)
- 복안 (腹案, bogan)
- 복비 (腹誹, bokbi)
- 복벽 (腹壁, bokbyeok)
- 복심 (腹心, boksim)
- 공복 (空腹, gongbok)
- 심복 (心腹, simbok)
- 복통 (腹痛, boktong)
- 복화술 (腹話術, bokhwasul)
- 복상사 (腹上死, boksangsa)
- 복식호흡 (腹式呼吸, boksikhoheup)
References
Vietnamese
Han character
腹: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phục, phuốc
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