膿む

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
膿
う
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Etymology

Uncertain. Theories include, in order of apparent likelihood:

  • From 熟む (umu, “to ripen”)[1]
  • From 熟汁 (umi jiru, “ripened sap”)
  • From 薄 (usu, “thin, weak”) + 見 (mi, “looking, seeming”)[1]
  • Shortening of 蒸身 (umushi mi, “moldering body”) or of 潤肉 (urumi shishi, “moist flesh”)

First attested in verb form in a text from 828.[2] Compare noun form 膿 (umi, “pus”), attested from the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

膿(う)む • (umu) intransitive godan (stem 膿(う)み (umi), past 膿(う)んだ (unda))

  1. to fester, to suppurate, to pustulate
    Synonym: 化膿する (kanō suru)
    傷(きず)口(ぐち)が膿(う)んだ。
    Kizuguchi ga unda.
    The cut festered / became infected.
    腫(はれ)物(もの)を膿(う)ませてしまった。
    Haremono o umasete shimatta.
    You’ve let the abscess fester.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "膿む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 膿ま うま uma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 膿み うみ umi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 膿む うむ umu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 膿む うむ umu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 膿め うめ ume
Meireikei ("imperative") 膿め うめ ume
Key constructions
Passive 膿まれる うまれる umareru
Causative 膿ませる
膿ます 		うませる
うます 		umaseru
umasu
Potential 膿める うめる umeru
Volitional 膿もう うもう umō
Negative 膿まない うまない umanai
Negative continuative 膿まず うまず umazu
Formal 膿みます うみます umimasu
Perfective 膿んだ うんだ unda
Conjunctive 膿んで うんで unde
Hypothetical conditional 膿めば うめば umeba
Classical conjugation of "膿む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 膿ま うま uma
Continuative (連用形) 膿み うみ umi
Terminal (終止形) 膿む うむ umu
Attributive (連体形) 膿む うむ umu
Realis (已然形) 膿め うめ ume
Imperative (命令形) 膿め うめ ume
Key constructions
Negative 膿まず うまず umazu
Contrasting conjunction 膿めど うめど umedo
Causal conjunction 膿めば うめば umeba
Conditional conjunction 膿まば うまば umaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 膿みき うみき umiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 膿みけり うみけり umikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 膿みつ うみつ umitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 膿みぬ うみぬ uminu
Perfect-continuative tense 膿めり
膿みたり		 うめり
うみたり		 umeri
umitari
Volitional 膿まむ うまむ umamu

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Entry in the 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) available online 膿む here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “膿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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