臨

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See also: 临
臨 U+81E8, 臨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E8
← 臧
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臩 →
臨 U+F9F6, 臨
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F6
← 淋
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 立 →

Translingual

Han character

臨 (Kangxi radical 131, 臣+11, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中人口口 (SLORR), four-corner 78766, composition ⿰臣⿱𠂉品)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 999, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30087
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1451, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2802, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+81E8

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (品) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臨 *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms
瀶 *b·rɯm
品 *pʰrɯmʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms): semantic 臣 (“eye”) + semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ, “objects”) – a person looking down at some objects.

Alternatively analyzed as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms): semantic 臥 + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ).

Etymology 1

trad. 臨
simp. 临
alternative forms 𦣲
𦣷
瀶 ancient

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • lîm - literary;
  • liâm - vernacular (limited, e.g. 臨邊, 臨捷).
Rime
Character 臨
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力尋切
Baxter lim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lim/
Li
Rong 		/liəm/
Wang
Li 		/lĭĕm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*(p.)rum/
English look down at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臨
Reading # 1/2
No. 9801
Phonetic
component 		品
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		林
Old
Chinese 		/*b·rɯm/
Definitions

臨

  1. to overlook; to look over; to look down at
  2. to come down; to descend
  3. to arrive
  4. to face; to border; to be adjacent to
  5. to be faced with; to be confronted by
  6. just before; approaching; about to
  7. to copy; to trace
  8. (historical) a type of siege engine
  9. 19th hexagram of the I Ching
  10. a surname
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 臨
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 良鴆切
Baxter limH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/limH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/limH/
Li
Rong 		/liəmH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lam6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臨
Reading # 2/2
No. 9803
Phonetic
component 		品
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		臨
Old
Chinese 		/*b·rɯms/
Definitions

臨

  1. (obsolete) to mourn for a deceased person; to wail in lamentation of a death
Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 臨
simp. 临
alternative forms 凜／凛
斂／敛

Pronunciation

Definitions

臨 (Hokkien)

  1. close (to an edge)
  2. to approach; to get close to; to be almost

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

臨

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. look at
  2. confront

Readings

Korean

Hanja

臨 (eumhun 임할 림 (imhal rim), word-initial (South Korea) 임할 임 (imhal im))

  1. hanja form? of 림/임 (“draw near, approach”)
  2. hanja form? of 림/임 (“descend”)

Vietnamese

Han character

臨: Hán Nôm readings: lâm, lom

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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