自己

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Chinese

 
from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 6th heavenly stem; self
simp. and trad.
(自己) 		自 己
alternative forms 格鬼 (gak5 gei2) Taishanese

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 自 己
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 疾二切 居里切
Baxter dzijH kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziɪH/ /kɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziH/ /kɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjɪH/ /kieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziH/ /kɨX/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziH/ /kiəX/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ziH/ /kĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱiH/ /kiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zì jǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi6 gei2

Pronoun

自己

  1. self; oneself
    逃離自己的祖國／逃离自己的祖国  ―  táolí zìjǐ de zǔguó  ―  to flee one's home country
    維護自己的權益／维护自己的权益  ―  wéihù zìjǐ de quányì  ―  to uphold one's rights and interests
    為自己的錯誤辯解 [MSC, trad.]
    为自己的错误辩解 [MSC, simp.]
    wèi zìjǐ de cuòwù biànjiě
    to be on the defensive about one’s mistakes
    成為一個更好的自己 [MSC, trad.]
    成为一个更好的自己 [MSC, simp.]
    chéngwéi yīge gènghǎo de zìjǐ
    to become a better person; to become a better version of oneself
    一個愚昧的人總以為自己是對的。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个愚昧的人总以为自己是对的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yīge yúmèi de rén zǒng yǐwèi zìjǐ shì duì de.
    Ignorant people always believe they are right.
    最終我們都活成了自己討厭的樣子。 [MSC, trad.]
    最终我们都活成了自己讨厌的样子。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuìzhōng wǒmen dōu huó chéng le zìjǐ tǎoyàn de yàngzi.
    In the end we all lived to become people we despised.
    食死自己 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 sei2 zi6 gei2   ―  to "eat oneself to death" (endanger oneself with eating habits)

Usage notes

In Mandarin Chinese, 自己 (zìjǐ) is a reflexive pronoun. The antecedent it refers to can be inferred by context, which is generally the subject of the sentence.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 自己 (“oneself”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 己, 自己, 自家
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 自己
Mandarin Beijing 自個兒, 自己個兒, 各個兒, 一個兒
Taiwan 自己
Harbin 自家
Yantai (Muping) 自己
Jinan 自家, 自個兒
Luoyang 自己
Wanrong 各人
Xi'an 自個兒, 自己個兒
Ürümqi 自家
Wuhan 自家, 自己
Chengdu 自家, 各人, 自己
Guiyang 自家
Guilin 自己
Liuzhou 自己
Xuzhou 自個兒
Yangzhou 自簡, 自己
Hefei 自家
Malaysia 自己
Singapore 自己
Cantonese Guangzhou 自己
Hong Kong 自己
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 自己
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 自家
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 自己
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 自己
Macau 自己
Guangzhou (Panyu) 自己
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 自己
Guangzhou (Conghua) 自己
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 自己
Foshan 自己
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 自己
Foshan (Shunde) 自己
Foshan (Sanshui) 自己
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 自己
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 自己
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 自己
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 自己
Zhuhai (Doumen) 自己
Jiangmen (Baisha) 自己
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 自己
Taishan 自己
Kaiping (Chikan) 自己
Enping (Niujiang) 自己
Heshan (Yayao) 自己
Dongguan 自己
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 自己
Qingyuan 自己
Fogang 自己
Yingde (Hanguang) 自己
Yangshan 自己
Lianshan (Butian) 自己
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 自家
Shaoguan 自己
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 自己
Renhua 自己
Lechang 自己
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 自己
Sihui 自己
Guangning 自己
Deqing 自己
Huaiji 自己
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 自己
Yunfu 己己
Xinxing 自己
Luoding 自己
Yunan (Pingtai) 自己
Yangjiang 自己
Xinyi 自己
Maoming (Xinpo) 自己
Lianjiang 自己
Nanning 自己
Hepu (Lianzhou) 自家
Hepu (Shatian) 自己
Guiping 自己
Mengshan (Xihe) 自己
Guigang (Nanjiang) 自己
Beiliu (Tangliao) 自己
Baise 自己
Bobai 自己
Lingshan 自己
Pubei 獨家
Qinzhou 自己
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 自家
Beihai 自己
Beihai (Nankang) 自家
Beihai (Yingpan) 自家
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 自己
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 自己
Ningming 自己
Hengzhou 自己
Hezhou (Pumen) 本人
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 自己
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 自己
Singapore (Guangfu) 自己
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 自己
Móng Cái 自己
Gan Nanchang 自簡
Lichuan 自家
Pingxiang 自己, 自家
Hakka Meixian 自家
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 自家
Dongguan (Qingxi) 自家
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 自家
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 自家
Wuhua (Huacheng) 自家
Heyuan (Bendihua) 自己
Wengyuan 自家
Liannan 自己
Jiexi 自家
Luhe 自家
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 自家
Changting 自家
Wuping (Yanqian) 自家
Ninghua 自家
Yudu 自家
Ningdu 自家
Tonggu (Sandu) 自家
Ganzhou (Panlong) 自家
Dayu 自家
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 自家
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 自家
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 自家
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 自家
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 自家
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 自家
Hong Kong 自家
Yangxi (Tangkou) 自家
Yangchun (Sanjia) 自己
Xinyi (Sihe) 自家
Xinyi (Qianpai) 自家
Gaozhou (Xindong) 自己
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 自家
Huazhou (Xin'an) 自己
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 自家, 自己
Lianjiang (Qingping) 自己
Mengshan (Xihe) 自家
Luchuan 自家
Beiliu (Tang'an) 自家
Mashan (Pianlian) 自家
Senai (Huiyang) 自家
Huizhou Jixi 自家
Jin Taiyuan 自己, 自家
Xinzhou 自家, 各人
Northern Min Jian'ou 自自
Jian'ou (Dikou) 自自
Songxi 臧自
Zhenghe 自自
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 自自
Jianyang 自
Wuyishan 自
Pucheng (Shibei) 獨自
Eastern Min Fuzhou 自家
Changle 自家
Lianjiang 自家
Fuqing 自家
Pingtan 自家
Yongtai 自家
Minqing 自家
Gutian 自家
Pingnan 自家
Luoyuan 自家
Fu'an 自儕
Ningde 自家
Shouning 自儕
Zhouning 自儕
Fuding 家自
Southern Min Xiamen 家己
Xiamen (Tong'an) 家己
Quanzhou 家己
Jinjiang 家己
Nan'an 家己
Shishi 家己
Hui'an 家己
Anxi 家己
Yongchun 家己
Dehua 家己
Zhangzhou 家己
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 家己
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 家己
Hua'an 家己
Nanjing 家己
Pinghe 家己
Zhangpu 家己
Yunxiao 家己
Zhao'an 家己
Dongshan 家己
Taipei 家己
New Taipei (Sanxia) 家己
Kaohsiung 家己
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 家己
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 家己
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 家己
Yilan 家己
Changhua (Lukang) 家己
Taichung 家己
Tainan 家己
Hsinchu 家己
Kinmen 家己
Penghu (Magong) 家己
Penang (Hokkien) 家己
Singapore (Hokkien) 家己
Manila (Hokkien) 家己
Medan (Hokkien) 家己
Longyan 自家
Zhangping 家己, 己家
Zhangping (Yongfu) 己家
Datian 家己
Pingnan (Shangdu) 自己
Chaozhou 家己, 家己儂
Shantou 家己
Shantou (Chenghai) 家己
Shantou (Chaoyang) 家己
Jieyang 家己
Lufeng 家己
Haifeng 家己
Bangkok (Teochew) 家己
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 家己
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 家己
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 家己
Singapore (Teochew) 家己
Pontianak (Teochew) 家己
Leizhou 家己
Wenchang 家己
Haikou 家己
Qionghai 家己
Singapore (Hainanese) 家己
Puxian Min Putian 家己
Xianyou 家己
Central Min Yong'an 你儕
Shaxian 家自
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 自家
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 自己
Shehua Fu'an 自家
Fuding 自家
Luoyuan 自家
Sanming 自家
Shunchang 自家
Hua'an 自家
Wu Shanghai 自家
Shanghai (Chongming) 自家
Suzhou 自家
Wuxi 自家
Danyang 自家
Hangzhou 自家
Ningbo 自家
Wenzhou 自
Lishui 自
Qingyuan 自
Jinhua 自
Xiang Changsha 自家
Loudi 自家
Shuangfeng 自家, 自己

Adverb

自己

  1. by oneself
    自己拿吧！  ―  Zìjǐ ná ba!  ―  Help yourself!
    要喝茶自己倒啊。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Yào hēchá zìjǐ dào a.
    If you want some tea, help yourself.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (自己):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自 己
じ
Grade: 2 		こ
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

自(じ)己(こ) • (jiko) 

  1. self; oneself

Synonyms

Derived terms

Compounds

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
自己

Noun

自己 • (jagi) (hangeul 자기)

  1. Hanja form? of 자기 (“oneself”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自己

Adjective

自己

  1. chữ Hán form of tự kỉ (“autistic; introverted”).
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