自閉症
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See also: 自闭症
Chinese
| to exclude oneself from others; to isolate oneself from society | disease; illness; indication or sign of disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (自閉症) | 自閉 | 症 | |
| simp. (自闭症) | 自闭 | 症 | |
| Literally: “self-exclusion disease”. | |||
Etymology
Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自閉症 (jiheishō); used in Hong Kong and Taiwan since the 1970s, and in Mainland China since the late 1980s (Yu, 2017). In Mainland China, first attested in 1983.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi6 bai3 zing3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): du5 bai1 zen1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-pi-chṳn
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chū-pì-chèng
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ze6 bi6 zêng3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄓㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhbìjhèng
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-pi4-chêng4
- Yale: dz̀-bì-jèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhbihjenq
- Palladius: цзыбичжэн (czybičžɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6 bai3 zing3
- Yale: jih bai jing
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6 bai3 dzing3
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6 bei3 jing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²² pɐi̯³³ t͡sɪŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: du5 bai1 zen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³² pai³³ t͡sen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-pi-chṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: cii bi ziin
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci4 bi4 zin4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-pì-chèng
- Tâi-lô: tsū-pì-tsìng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zuxpiezexng
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ pi²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ pi¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ze6 bi6 zêng3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ pĭ tsèng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ pi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Noun
自閉症
- (proscribed in Mainland China) autism (neurological disorder)
- 據臺《中國時報》8月8日該報記者專訪報道，有人懷疑洪通患了「自閉症」。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1983 September 25, 《画家洪通贫病交迫》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
- Jù Tái “Zhōngguó Shíbào” 8 yuè 8 rì gāi bào jìzhě zhuānfǎng bàodào, yǒurén huáiyí Hóng Tōng huàn le “zìbìzhèng”.
- According to Taiwan's China Times on August 8, one of their reporters interviewed him, reporting that some suspect that Hung Tung now has "autism".
据台《中国时报》8月8日该报记者专访报道，有人怀疑洪通患了「自闭症」。 [MSC, simp.]- 雷蒙德（達斯廷·霍夫曼扮演）是個自閉症患者，「雨中人」是他童年時代的綽號。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1989 March 17, 《〈雨中人〉——影评界的宠儿》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
- Léiméngdé (Dásītíng Huòfūmàn bànyǎn) shì ge zìbìzhèng huànzhě, “yǔ zhōng rén” shì tā tóngnián shídài de chuòhào.
- Raymond (played by Dustin Hoffman) is afflicted with autism, and "Rain Man" is his childhood nickname.
雷蒙德（达斯廷·霍夫曼扮演）是个自闭症患者，「雨中人」是他童年时代的绰号。 [MSC, simp.]
Usage notes
Proscribed by the China Disabled Persons' Federation, a Government-organized non-governmental organization in Mainland China.[1]
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ “关于宣传报道中残疾人及残疾人工作有关称谓的通知”, in China Disabled Persons' Federation, 2022: “称“孤独症”，不用“自闭症””
- “自閉症”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 自 | 閉 | 症 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
へい Grade: 6 |
しょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | ||
Etymology
Compound of 自閉 (jihei, “social withdrawal”) + 症 (shō, “condition”).
Pronunciation
Noun
- autism (neurological disorder)
Descendants
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 自 | 閉 | 症 |