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See also: ⿱⺈旧
U+81FD, 臽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FD

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 134, +2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹難 (NHX), composition (G) or (TJK))

  1. pit, hole

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30177
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+81FD

Chinese

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. ⿱ク曰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : 鹿 (deer) + (pit) – a deer falling into a trap.

From the bronze inscriptions, now an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (person) + (trap) – a person falling into a trap.

Original form of .

Etymology 1

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (29) (33)
Final () (159) (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I II
Fanqie
Baxter khomX heamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰʌmX/ /ɦˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰəmX/ /ɦᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɒmX/ /ɣɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰəmX/ /ɦəɨmH/
Li
Rong
/kʰᴀmX/ /ɣɐmH/
Wang
Li
/kʰɒmX/ /ɣɐmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰămX/ /ɣămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kǎn xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ham2 haam6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛmH ›
Old
Chinese
/*ˁromʔ-s/
English small pit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13545 13557
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰloːmʔ/ /*ɡroːms/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete) pit; hole

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to submerge; to sink; to plunge; to be captured; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

⿱⺈旧

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿱⺈旧)

  1. pit
  2. hole

Readings

  • On (unclassified): かん (kan)げん (gen)こん (kon)
  • Kun: おとしあな (otoshiana)

Korean

Hanja

(ham) (hangeul , revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)

  1. pit
  2. hollow, hole