與

Translingual

Han character

與 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹難卜金 (HXYC), four-corner 7780₁, composition ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丨(GHJKV) or ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丿(T))

Derived characters

• 㒜, 𡁎, 𪤧, 嬩, 嶼(屿), 𢷣, 㵰, 㺞, 懙, 𨘕, 𣄣, 旟(𭤰), 𤑉, 䑂, 璵(玙), 𠁹, 𬎰, 𥎗, 礖, 穥, 𧞏, 𧾚, 𨣦, 𨮔(𮡤), 鱮(𫚈), 歟(欤), 𮨠, 𪇬
• 㠘, 藇, 籅, 𪋮, 𡒊, 𡽬, 舉(举), 㦛(𢗓), 𢣟, 擧(挙), 𣝑, 𪴿, 𬍋, 𦦙, 𤪐, 礜(𪿝), 𦏜, 𦦮, 譽(誉), 𧸧, 轝(𬛼), 𦦳, 𨮖, 𩁕, 𦦸, 𩦡, 𩼹, 鸒

Related characters

• 与 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)

Descendants

• ヨ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1004, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30212
• Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 251, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 與
Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙.

Etymology

"to be with; to associate with"

Unlikely to be the same word as 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007).

"to give"

The same word as 予 (OC *laʔ). The word family 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ) is probably derived from this word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “pay; wage; fare”), Mara Chin (hla, “to present; to offer (sacrifice); to give”), Jingpho (ja³³, “to give”).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

與

1. to give; to offer

   贈與／赠与  ―  zèngyǔ  ―  to gift

   給與／给与  ―  jǐyǔ  ―  to accord,to grant

2. ^† to agree; to allow; to permit
3. ^† to help; to support

   與人為善／与人为善  ―  yǔrénwéishàn  ―  to help others

4. ^† to get close to
5. ^† to follow
6. ^† to befriend; to get along with; to associate with

   相與／相与  ―  xiàngyǔ  ―  to get along with somebody

7. ^† to fight
8. ^† to deal with; to cope
9. ^† to compare
10. ^† to wait
    • 歲不我與／岁不我与  ―  suìbùwǒyǔ  ―  time and tide wait for no man
11. ^† to choose; to elect
12. ^† clique
13. ^† allied country

    與國／与国  ―  yǔguó  ―  allied country

14. with

    我與這事無關。／我与这事无关。  ―  Wǒ yǔ zhè shì wúguān.  ―  I have nothing to do with the matter.

15. for
16. ^† (passive) by
17. used to introduce the recipient of an action

    與人民為敵／与人民为敌  ―  yǔ rénmín wéi dí  ―  to be hostile to the people

18. and (used to connect two nouns)

    山與水／山与水  ―  shān yǔ shuǐ  ―  mountains and waters

    • 天地與我並存，而萬物與我為一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      天地与我并存，而万物与我为一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

      Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī.

      The universe and I came into being together; and I,and everything therein,are One.

19. (logic) AND; conjunction
20. ^† rather than

    與其／与其  ―  yǔqí  ―  rather than

21. Same as 舉／举 (jǔ)

    選賢與能／选贤与能  ―  xuǎnxiányǔnéng  ―  choose men of talents,virtue,and ability

22. a surname

Synonyms

See also

• 而 (ér, “and”),used to connect two clauses or adjectives

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

與

1. to participate

   參與／参与  ―  cānyù  ―  to participate

2. ^† to interfere

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

與

1. ^† Used for expressing an exclamatory,doubtful or questioning tone; alternative form of 歟／欤 (yú).

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 与)

1. participate in
2. give
3. award
4. impart
5. provide
6. cause

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo)
• Kan-on: よ (yo)
• Kun: あたえる (ataeru, 與える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, 與へる, historical)}; あずかる (azukaru, 與る)^{←あづかる (adukaru, 與る, historical)}; くみする (kumisuru, 與する)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 与

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoX, “give; for; and”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

與

Wikisource

與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo))
與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))

1. Hanja form^? of 여 (“and; with; to; for”).
2. Hanja form^? of 여 (“to give; to grant”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoH, “to participate”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo))

1. Hanja form^? of 여 (“to participate”).

Compounds

Noun

與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여)

1. (in news headlines) Short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”).

   Antonym: 野(야) (ya, “(politics) the opposition party”)

Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

Derived terms

• 與(여)野(야) (yeoya, “(politics) the opposing parties”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

與: Hán Nôm readings: dữ, trở

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