般

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See also: 船
般 U+822C, 般
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-822C
← 舫
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 舭 →

Translingual

Stroke order (Japan)
10 strokes

Han character

般 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜竹弓水 (HYHNE), four-corner 27447, composition ⿰舟殳)

  1. sort, manner, kind, category

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1009, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30388
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1467, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3057, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+822C

Chinese

trad. 般
simp. # 般
alternative forms 𦨗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 般
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (般) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
螌 *praːn
般 *praːn, *paːn, *baːn
媻 *baːl, *baːn
搫 *baːl, *baːn
搬 *paːn
盤 *baːn
磐 *baːn
瘢 *baːn
幋 *baːn
槃 *baːn
縏 *baːn
鎜 *baːn
鞶 *baːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 殳 (“rotate”).

Etymology 1

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Semantic shift of Etymology 2, via something like "rotate" > "turn (toward)" > "type, kind"? For a semantic parallel, compare English trope, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, way, manner”).”

Pronunciation

Note:
  • poaⁿ - vernacular;
  • pan, poan - literary.
Rime
Character 般 般
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 北潘切 布還切
Baxter pan paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/puɑn/ /pˠan/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷɑn/ /pᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen 		/puɑn/ /pɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pwan/ /paɨn/
Li
Rong 		/puɑn/ /pan/
Wang
Li 		/puɑn/ /pan/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/puɑn/ /pan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bān bān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bun1 baan1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 般 般
Reading # 1/3 2/3
No. 227 231
Phonetic
component 		般 般
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		班 𤳖
Old
Chinese 		/*praːn/ /*paːn/

Definitions

般

  1. sort; kind; class
  2. like; similar to
    兄弟般的感情  ―  xiōngdì bān de gǎnqíng  ―  brotherly affection
  3. Alternative form of 搬 (bān, “to move”)
  4. a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bran (“to convalesce, recover, return”). Cognate with Burmese ပြန် (pran, “to go back, return; to translate”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 般
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 薄官切
Baxter ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/buɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/buɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bwan/
Li
Rong 		/buɑn/
Wang
Li 		/buɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pun4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 般
Reading # 3/3
No. 241
Phonetic
component 		般
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		槃
Old
Chinese 		/*baːn/

Definitions

般

  1. † to rotate
  2. † to go back and forth; to linger
  3. † joyful; amused
  4. † large

Compounds

Etymology 3

Transliteration of Indic loanwords; see their respective entries for more.

Pronunciation

Definitions

般

  1. Only used in 般若 (bōrě).
  2. Only used in 般涅槃 (bōnièpán).

References

Japanese

Kanji

般

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC pan) and 般 (MC paen, “sort, kind, class”):

  • Go-on: へん (hen)
  • Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban, “rotate, go back and forth”):

Other readings:

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
般
はん
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban|pan|paen).

Affix

般(はん) • (han) 

  1. sort, kind, class
  2. instance, time
  3. Used in transliterations

Derived terms

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

般 (eumhun 가지 반 (gaji ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“sort, manner, kind, category”)

般 (eumhun 일반 반 (ilban ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“similar, general”)

Vietnamese

Han character

般: Hán Nôm readings: ban, bàn, bơn, bát

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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