良

Stroke order

良 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+1, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈日女 (IAV), four-corner 3073₂, composition ⿱丶艮(GHT) or ⿱丨艮(JK) or ⿱一艮(V))

1. good, virtuous, respectable

• 俍 哴 埌 娘 㟍 悢 𢭗 浪 狼 斏 㫰 朖 桹 㱢 烺 琅 䀶 硠 稂 𧚅 粮 羪 艆 蜋 誏 踉 躴 䡙 酿 鋃(锒) 𫝥 駺 䯖 𩷕(鿶) 郞 食 㝗 崀 莨 䆡 䍚 筤 飬 籑 㢃 㾗 閬(阆)
• 剆 㓪 朗 欴 郎 郒 飠

• ら
• ラ

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30597
• Dae Jaweon: page 1472, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3170, character 2
• Unihan data for U+826F

• Unihan data for U+F97C

Historical forms of the character 良
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) . Possibly depicts corridors and a room, in which case it would be the original form of 廊. See also the top component of 复. Unrelated to 食 and 即.

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”).

良

1. good; fine; well
2. good; virtuous; respectable
3. good person; virtuous person
4. (literary) innate; inherent; natural
5. very; very much; quite
6. (literary) really; certainly; surely
7. (obsolete) term of address used by a woman for her husband
8. a surname: Liang
9. (Catholicism) Leo (papal name)

• (good, fine):

• (very):

良

1. Only used in 方良, alternative form of 魍魎 / 魍魉 (wǎngliǎng)

• (Min Nan) “Query for 良”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• “良”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. good

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
• Kun: よい (yoi, 良い, Jōyō)、いい (ii, 良い)
• Nanori: じ (ji)、つかさ (tsukasa)、なが (naga)、まこと (makoto)、よし (yoshi)、ら (ra)、りょ (ryo)

良(りょう) • (ryō) ^{←りやう (ryau)?}

1. (school mark) good, B

   数学(すうがく)の成績(せいせき)は良(りょう)だった

   sūgaku no seiseki wa ryō datta

   I got a B in math

良(りょう) • (Ryō) ^{←りやう (Ryau)?}

1. a male given name

From Middle Chinese 良 (MC ljang).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): ~
• Phonetic hangul:

良 (eumhun 어질 량 (eojil ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 어질 양 (eojil yang))

1. hanja form^? of 양 (“good”)
2. hanja form^? of 량 (“good”)

良 (*a)

1. A syllabic phonogram denoting the syllable *a (generally not word-initial)

良 (*-a)

1. The verbal and adjectival infinitive suffix.

• Middle Korean: 어〮 (-é), 아〮 (-á)
  • Korean: 어 (-eo), 아 (-a)

良 (*-a)

1. in; at; on; locative case marker, attested primarily in hyangga poems
   • c. 750, 月明師 (Wolmyeongsa), “祭亡妹歌 (Jemangmae-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:

     一等隱枝良出古

     *HAton KACI-a NA-kwo

     even though they sprout on a single branch

• First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 中 (*-kuy). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 良 (*-a) in isolation is not encountered. The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
• After the fourteenth century, Korean scribes occasionally reused the character 良 to write 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy). This is a feature of Middle Korean writing, not Old Korean.

• Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with 中 (*-kuy))
  • Middle Korean: 에〮 (-éy)
    • Korean: 에 (-e)

• 中 (*-kuy) (locative case marker)
• 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
• 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

• 배대은 (Bae Dae-eun) (1996) “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [Idu cheogyeok josa-ui tongsijeok gochal, A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
• 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography ]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
• Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] . Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
• Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

良: Hán Nôm readings: lương

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