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艱. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
艱, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
艱 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
艱 you have here. The definition of the word
艱 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
艱, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
艱 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿人日女 (TOAV), four-corner 47532, composition ⿰𦰩艮)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30600
- Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3171, character 5
- Unihan data for U+8271
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 艱
|
*krɯːn
|
| 齦
|
*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
|
| 眼
|
*ŋrɯːnʔ
|
| 蛝
|
*ɡrɯːn
|
| 限
|
*ɡrɯːnʔ
|
| 硍
|
*ɡrɯːnʔ
|
| 豤
|
*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
|
| 詪
|
*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
|
| 根
|
*kɯːn
|
| 跟
|
*kɯːn
|
| 珢
|
*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
|
| 艮
|
*kɯːns
|
| 茛
|
*kɯːns
|
| 墾
|
*kʰɯːnʔ
|
| 懇
|
*kʰɯːnʔ
|
| 垠
|
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
|
| 泿
|
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
|
| 痕
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 拫
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 鞎
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 很
|
*ɡɯːnʔ
|
| 恨
|
*ɡɯːns
|
| 銀
|
*ŋrɯn
|
| 檭
|
*ŋrɯn
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Pronunciation
Note:
- kan - literary;
- kian - vernacular.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
艱
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
jiān
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ kɛn ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kˁrə/
|
| English
|
difficulty
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
艱
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
3912
|
Phonetic
component
|
艮
|
Rime
group
|
文
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
閒
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*krɯːn/
|
Definitions
艱
- difficult; hard
- † hardship; suffering
- † disaster
- † dangerous
- † parent's death
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
艱
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
艱: Hán Nôm readings: gian
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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