芝

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See also: 艺
芝 U+829D, 芝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-829D
← 芜
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芞 →
芝 U+2F991, 芝
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F991
← 芋
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 劳 →

Translingual

Han character

芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+829D

Chinese

trad. 芝
simp. # 芝
alternative forms 𦭩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
之 *tjɯ
芝 *tjɯ
志 *tjɯs
痣 *tjɯs
娡 *tjɯs
誌 *tjɯs
蚩 *tʰjɯ
妛 *tʰjɯ
嗤 *tʰjɯ
媸 *tʰjɯ
旹 *djɯ
滍 *diʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 止而切
Baxter tsyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cɨ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiə/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
No. 17189
Phonetic
component 		之
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		之
Old
Chinese 		/*tjɯ/

Definitions

芝

  1. lingzhi; Ganoderma
    靈芝／灵芝  ―  língzhī  ―  lingzhi
  2. Alternative form of 芷
  3. Used in 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
  4. Used in 芝城 (Zhīchéng, “city of Chicago”).
  5. a surname

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

芝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. turf, lawn, grass

Readings

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
芝: common grass, especially as found in lawns.
Kanji in this term
芝
しば
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

芝(しば) • (shiba) 

  1. grass, turf, green
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3508:
      芝(しば)付(つき)乃(の)　御(み)宇(う)良(ら)佐(さ)伎(き)奈流(なる)　根(ね)都(つ)古(こ)具(ぐ)佐(さ)　安(あ)比(ひ)見(み)受(ず)安(あ)良(ら)婆(ば)　安(あ)礼(れ)古(こ)非(ひ)米(め)夜(や)母(も)。
      Shibatsuki no Miurasaki naru netsukogusa ahi mizu araba are kohi meyamo.
      The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
  2. Short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

芝(しば) • (Shiba) 

  1. a surname

Verb

芝(しば)する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝(しば)し (shiba shi), past 芝(しば)した (shiba shita))

  1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 芝すれ しばすれ shiba sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 芝せよ¹
芝しろ² 		しばせよ¹
しばしろ² 		shiba seyo¹
shiba shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 芝される しばされる shiba sareru
Causative 芝させる
芝さす 		しばさせる
しばさす 		shiba saseru
shiba sasu
Potential 芝できる しばできる shiba dekiru
Volitional 芝しよう しばしよう shiba shiyō
Negative 芝しない しばしない shiba shinai
Negative continuative 芝せず しばせず shiba sezu
Formal 芝します しばします shiba shimasu
Perfective 芝した しばした shiba shita
Conjunctive 芝して しばして shiba shite
Hypothetical conditional 芝すれば しばすれば shiba sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
芝
しざま
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”). The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

Pronunciation

Noun

芝(しざま) • (shizama) 

  1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
    This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
芝
し
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

Pronunciation

Affix

芝(し) • (shi) 

  1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Used as ateji in various surnames.

Proper noun

芝(しはざき) • (Shihazaki) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばさき) • (Shibasaki) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばざき) • (Shibazaki) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばたか) • (Shibataka) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

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Vietnamese

Han character

芝: Hán Nôm readings: chi

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