芥子

芥子

1. mustard seeds
2. (Buddhism) tiny thing

   • 自古道：『遣泰山輕如芥子，攜凡夫難脫紅塵。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     自古道：『遣泰山轻如芥子，携凡夫难脱红尘。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE

     Zìgǔ dào: ‘Qiǎn tàishān qīng rú jièzǐ, xié fánfū nán tuō hóngchén.’

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

(from Early Mandarin)

• → Middle Korean: 계ᄌᆞ (kyeyco)
  • Korean: 겨자 (gyeoja)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

からし

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Karashi

Wikipedia

From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).^[1][2]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).

• (Tokyo) からし (Heiban – )^[2]
• IPA^(key):

芥子(からし) • (karashi) 

1. Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
2. a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard

• 牛(うし)と芥子(からし)は願(ねが)いから鼻(はな)を通(とお)す (ushi to karashi wa negai kara hana o tōsu, “wishing for a cow and a mustard seed to pass through the nose → wanting to suffer from a disaster”)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.^[2]

• (Tokyo) かいし (Atamadaka – )^[2]
• IPA^(key):

• (Tokyo) がいし (Atamadaka – )^[2]
• IPA^(key):

芥(かい)子(し) or 芥(がい)子(し) • (kaishi or gaishi) 

1. (especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

ケシ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Papaver somniferum

Wikipedia

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.^[3]

• (Tokyo) けし (Heiban – )^[2][4][5]
• IPA^(key):

芥(け)子(し) or 芥子(ケシ) • (keshi) 

1. (prefixed to nouns) something tiny
2. (archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
3. the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum; more broadly, any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy

   Synonym: ポピー (popī)

4. Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots
5. an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds
6. Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit

• 芥子(けし)に須弥(しゅみ)を蔵(ぞう)す (keshi ni shumi o zōsu, “store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object”)
• 芥子(けし)を千(ち)にも割(わ)る (keshi o chi ni mo waru, “cut a poppy seed into thousands → cut into fine pieces”)

• 阿(あ)片(へん) (ahen, “opium”)

芥(け)子(し) • (Keshi) 

1. a surname