苦力
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Chinese
bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
power; force; strength | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (苦力) | 苦 | 力 | |
| simp. #(苦力) | 苦 | 力 | |
Etymology
Possibly a phono-semantic matching of Hindi क़ुली (qulī) or its cognates.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu2 lik6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-li̍t
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-lia̍k / khó͘-le̍k / khó͘-la̍t / ku-lí / khó͘-lo̍h
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǔlì
- Wade–Giles: kʻu3-li4
- Yale: kǔ-lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuulih
- Palladius: кули (kuli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fu2 lik6
- Yale: fú lihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2 lik9
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2 lig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵ lɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-li̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: kuˋ lid
- Hagfa Pinyim: ku3 lid6
- Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ lit̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lia̍k
- Tâi-lô: khóo-lia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: qofliak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-la̍t
- Tâi-lô: khóo-la̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoflat
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lo̍h
- Tâi-lô: khóo-lo̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: qofloih
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤʔ⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Noun
苦力
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 力 |
| くー Grade: 3 |
りー Grade: 1 |
| irregular | |
Etymology
Ateji (当て字).
Borrowed from Mandarin 苦力 (kǔlì).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
- a coolie
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN