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in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order (Hong Kong)
Stroke order (Taiwan)
Han character
草 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸 +6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean , 9 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese , cangjie input 廿日十 (TAJ ), four-corner 44406 , composition ⿱艹 早 )
Derived characters
愺 , 騲 (𮪤 ), 䓥 , 𠹊 , 𭡶 , 𬃸 , 𣺞 , 𬊳 , 𦞻 , 𧤣 , 𦹯 , 𫶱 , 𫥬 , 𨕡 , 𢾳 , 𮐍 , 𦹸 , 𮏱 , 𮐌 , 𦺏 , 𬞁 , 𦷖 , 𦹵 , 𦾠 , 𮑅 , 𧄳 , 𮒠 , 𮒇 , 𧅭 , 𫊘 , 𮓆 , 𭆍 , 𪋛 , 𠌓 , 𤌸 , 𦸶 , 𧄣 , 𦳕
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 1030 , character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30945
Dae Jaweon: page 1489, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3203, character 4
Unihan data for U+8349
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
早
*ʔsuːʔ
草
*sʰuːʔ
愺
*sʰuːʔ
騲
*sʰuːʔ
皁
*zuːʔ
皂
*zuːʔ
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *sʰuːʔ ) : semantic 艹 ( “ grass; plant ” ) + phonetic 早 ( OC *ʔsuːʔ) . Originally referred to 皂 , and later borrowed for the “grass” sense, replacing 艸 .
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tswa-n ( “ grass ” ) ; cognate with Tibetan རྩྭ ( rtswa , “ grass ” ) (Schuessler, 2007 ; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to 芻 (OC *sʰro , “hay”), from Austroasiatic ; compare Mon ချဲ ( “ grass; weeds; hay ” ) (Schuessler, 2007 ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : cǎo (cao3 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄘㄠˇ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : cao3
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : цо (co, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : cou2
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : tau2
Gan (Wiktionary ) : cau3
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : chhó
(Hailu , HRS ) : coˊ
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : cau3
Jin (Wiktionary ) : cau2
Northern Min (KCR ) : chǎu
Eastern Min (BUC ) : chāu / chō̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing ): cor3 / cao3
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : chháu / chhó / chhó͘
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : co2 / cao2
Wu (Northern , Wugniu ) : 5 tshau / 3 tshau
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : cau3
Note :
chāu - vernacular;
chō̤ - literary.
Note :
cor3 - vernacular;
cao3 - literary.
Note :
chháu - vernacular;
chhó/chhó͘ - literary.
Note :
co2 - vernacular;
cao2 - literary.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
草
草
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
cǎo
cǎo
Middle Chinese
‹ tshawX ›
‹ tshawX ›
Old Chinese
/*ˁuʔ/
/*ˁuʔ/
English
grass, plants
rough, coarse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
草
Reading #
1/1
No.
16547
Phonetic component
早
Rime group
幽
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
草
Old Chinese
/*sʰuːʔ/
Notes
說 文 作 艸
草
Definitions
草
herbaceous plant; herb ; weed ; wort ; grass ; forb
草 地上 有 一 頭 牛 在 吃 草 。 [MSC , trad. ] 草 地上 有 一 头 牛 在 吃 草 。 [MSC , simp. ] Cǎo dì shàng yǒu yī tóu niú zài chī cǎo . There is one cow eating grass on the lawn.
香草 ― xiāngcǎo ― fragrant herb
除草 ― chúcǎo ― to weed
草 木樨 ― cǎo mùxī ― sweet clover
草 魚/ 草 鱼 ― cǎo yú ― grass carp (a herbivorous fish)
Used in names of some woody plants.
莽草 ― mǎngcǎo ― Illicium henryi and Illicium lanceolatum
舞草 ― wǔcǎo ― Codariocalyx motorius
醉魚草 / 醉鱼草 ― zuìyúcǎo ― Buddleja lindleyana
straw
稻草 ― dàocǎo ― rice straw
草 鞋 ― cǎo xié ― straw sandals
( Cantonese , slang ) marijuana ; cannabis ; weed
㨃 草 [Cantonese ] ― deoi2 cou2 ― to smoke weed
( dated ) countryside ; wilderness
草 野 ― cǎo yě ― wilderness
落草 為寇 / 落草 为寇 ― luòcǎo wéikòu ― to become a bandit in the countryside
common ; ordinary
草 民 ― cǎo mín ― common people
草 球 ― cǎo qiú ― Echinopsis oxygona
草 金魚/ 草 金鱼 ― cǎo jīnyú ― common goldfish
草 龜/ 草 龟 ― cǎo guī ― Mauremys reevesii (the most common turtle in China)
草 狗 ― cǎo gǒu ― native breeds of dog
草 雞/ 草 鸡 ― cǎo jī ― native breeds of chiken
( dialectal , chiefly of livestock or poultry) female (variant: 騲 )
草 馬/ 草 马 ― cǎo mǎ ― female horse
草 狗 ― cǎo gǒu ― female dog
草 雞/ 草 鸡 ― cǎo jī ― hen
careless ; rough ; sloppy
草 率 ― cǎo lǜ ― hasty
草 書/ 草 书 ― cǎo shū ― cursive script
( calligraphy ) Short for 草書 / 草书 (cǎoshū , “cursive script (grass script )”).
狂草 ― kuángcǎo ― wild cursive script
draft ; sketch
草 擬/ 草 拟 ― cǎo nǐ ― to draft; to draw up (a plan)
( chemistry ) oxalic
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
大麻 (“marijuana; cannabis”)
Compounds
Descendants
Others :
Vietnamese: tháu ( “ scrawling ” )
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 草 – see 皂 (“black ; acorn ; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 皂 ).
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Definitions
草
( slang , euphemistic , Internet slang ) Alternative form of 肏 ( “ fuck ” )
Etymology 4
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 草 ( kusa , “ LOL ” ) . See the Japanese entry for more information.
As an interjection, this term is easily confused with the native “fuck” sense above. To distinguish between the two senses, 中國語 / 中国语 (Zhōngguóyǔ , “Chinese ”) and 日本語 / 日本语 (Rìběnyǔ , “Japanese ”) are usually put in parentheses following the term to specify which sense is intended.
Pronunciation
Definitions
草
( neologism , Internet slang ) LOL
草 (中日 雙語 )/ 草 (中日 双语 ) ― cǎo (zhōngrì shuāngyǔ) ― fuck lmao (literally, “草 (in Chinese and Japanese)”)
( neologism , Internet slang ) hilarious
這 也 太 草 了 吧 。/ 这 也 太 草 了 吧 。 ― Zhè yě tài cǎo le ba. ― Isn't this a bit too hilarious ?
References
Japanese
Kanji
草
(First grade kyōiku kanji )
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Old Japanese , ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kusa . Found in the Man'yōshū , completed some time after 759 CE .[ 1] Possibly cognate with Korean 꽃 ( kkot , “ flower ” ) .
The development of the fake , amateur senses is unclear.
Pronunciation
Noun
草( くさ ) • (kusa )
grass
Synonym: ( in reference to a lawn ) 芝生 ( shibafu )
草( くさ ) を刈( か ) るkusa o karuto cut grass
a weed
a herb
Synonyms: ハーブ ( hābu ) , ( medicinal ) 薬草 ( yakusō ) , ( cooking ) 香草 ( kōsō )
a scout , a spy ( from the way one would hide in the grass to observe enemy troops )
( figurative , slang , rare ) pubic hair
Derived terms
Prefix
草( くさ ) • (kusa- )
a fake , a mimic , not the real thing
草( くさ ) 蜉蝣( かげろう ) kusa kagerōa lacewing fly ( literally, “fake or mimic dragonfly”, from the visual resemblance )
amateur , small-time
草( くさ ) 野( や ) 球( きゅう ) 、草( くさ ) 競( けい ) 馬( ば ) kusa yakyū, kusa keibaamateur or pick-up baseball, small-time horse-racing
Etymology 2
/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/
From Middle Chinese 草 (MC tshawX ).
Pronunciation
Noun
草( そう ) • (sō ) ←さう ( sau ) ?
grass
a draft , a rough copy
cursive , calligraphy in a running hand
something unofficial , an informal abbreviation or knock-off
Synonyms
Etymology 3
From the resemblance of multiple repetitions of w ( w , “ LOL ” ) to grass: wwwwwwwww .
Possibly influenced by the term くすくす ( kusukusu ) , an adverb indicating stifled laughter . ( Can this (+ ) etymology be sourced ?)
Pronunciation
Interjection
草( くさ ) • (kusa )
( Internet slang ) LOL
Noun
草( くさ ) • (kusa )
( Internet slang ) "grass ", in reference to the expression w ( w , “ LOL ” ) ; LOLs
Phrase
草( くさ ) • (kusa )
Ellipsis of 草(が)生える ( kusa (ga) haeru , literally “ grass grows ” ) : ( Internet slang ) … it's hilarious
Synonyms: 草(が)生える ( kusa (ga) haeru , literally “ grass grows ” ) , 笑える ( waraeru , “ (it is) laughable ” )
鯖( さば ) 落( お ) ちてて草( くさ ) saba ochitete kusa lol the server's down
下手( へた ) すぎて草( くさ ) heta-sugite kusa hilariously shitty
4日( よっか ) しかないのは草( くさ ) yokka shika nai no wa kusa only 4 days left haha
つべで紹介( しょうかい ) されてて草( くさ ) Tsube de shōkai saretete kusa it got introduced on YouTube lol
Derived terms
See also
References
^ “草・艸 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten ] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo : Shogakukan , 2006
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ] (in Japanese), Tokyo : NHK Publishing, Inc. , →ISBN
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 [Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium . Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
草 (eumhun 풀 초 ( pul cho ) )
hanja form? of 초 ( “ grass ” )
Vietnamese
Han character
草 : Hán Nôm readings: thảo , tháu , xáo
chữ Hán form of thảo ( “ grass ; herbs ; draft ” ) .
chữ Hán form of Thảo ( “ a female given name ” ) .
阮氏芳草 ― Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo
Compounds
References