菜

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See also: 莱
菜 U+83DC, 菜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83DC
← 菛
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菝 →
菜 U+2F9A3, 菜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A3
← 菌
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𦰶 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

菜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 11 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿月木 (TBD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹采)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1038, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31184
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3236, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+83DC

Chinese

trad. 菜
simp. # 菜
2nd round simp. 𦬁
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
采 *sʰɯːʔ
睬 *sʰɯːʔ
彩 *sʰɯːʔ
採 *sʰɯːʔ
綵 *sʰɯːʔ
寀 *sʰɯːʔ
菜 *sʰɯːs
埰 *sʰɯːs
棌 *sʰɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːs) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).

Etymology

From 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ, “to gather; to pluck”) + nominalizing *-s, literally “what is gathered or plucked” (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007). See 采 for more.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉代切
Baxter tshojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰəjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		coi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/
English vegetables

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
No. 1076
Phonetic
component 		采
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		菜
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰɯːs/

Definitions

菜

  1. vegetable; greens (Classifier: 棵 m; 根 m; 條／条 c; 樖 c)
    蔬菜  ―  shūcài  ―  vegetables
    白菜  ―  báicài  ―  Chinese cabbage
    菠菜  ―  bōcài  ―  spinach
    1. (specifically, in compounds) rape; rapeseed (plant used for vegetable oil)
      菜籽  ―  càizǐ  ―  rapeseed
      菜油  ―  càiyóu  ―  rapeseed oil
  2. dish; course (Classifier: 盤／盘 m; 道 m; 味 m)
    這道菜很對胃口。 [MSC, trad.]
    这道菜很对胃口。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè dào cài hěn duìwèikǒu.
    This dish is tasty.
    每次他來這兒，他都點同樣的菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    每次他来这儿，他都点同样的菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Měi cì tā lái zhèr, tā dōu diǎn tóngyàng de cài.
    Whenever he comes to this place, he orders the same dish.
    我在考慮我晚飯做什麼菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    我在考虑我晚饭做什么菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zài kǎolǜ wǒ wǎnfàn zuò shénme cài.
    I'm wondering what to cook for dinner.
  3. cuisine; (type of) food
    川菜  ―  chuāncài  ―  Sichuan cuisine
    日本菜  ―  Rìběn cài  ―  Japanese food
  4. grocery
    買菜／买菜  ―  mǎicài  ―  to buy groceries
    菜市場／菜市场  ―  càishìchǎng  ―  farmers' market
  5. (colloquial) (one's) type; cup of tea(Classifier: 條／条 c)
    他是我的菜！  ―  Tā shì wǒ de cài!  ―  He is my type!
  6. (colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
    菜鳥／菜鸟  ―  càiniǎo  ―  noob
    我好菜啊。  ―  Wǒ hǎo cài a.  ―  I'm so inferior .
    菜英文  ―  cài yīngwén  ―  poor English (pun on the name of Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen)
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, derogatory) girlfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c; 樖 c)
  8. a surname: Cai; Tsai

Synonyms

  • (rape): 油菜 (yóucài)
  • (dish):
Dialectal synonyms of 菜 (“dish; vegetable or meat dish”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 菜餚, 菜品, 菜蔬
Mandarin Beijing 菜
Taiwan 菜
Tianjin 菜
Jinan 菜
Xi'an 菜
Wuhan 菜
Chengdu 菜
Guilin 菜
Yangzhou 菜
Hefei 菜
Singapore 菜
Cantonese Guangzhou 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 餸菜
Macau 餸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 餸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 餸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 餸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 餸
Foshan 餸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 餸
Foshan (Shunde) 餸
Foshan (Sanshui) 餸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 餸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 餸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 餸
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 餸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 餸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 餸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 餸
Taishan 餸, 餸菜
Kaiping (Chikan) 餸
Enping (Niujiang) 餸
Heshan (Yayao) 餸
Dongguan 餸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 餸
Yangjiang 餸
Beihai 餸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 菜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 菜
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 菜
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 菜餸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 餸
Singapore (Guangfu) 餸
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 餸
Móng Cái 菜
Gan Nanchang 菜
Hakka Meixian 菜
Jin Taiyuan 菜
Northern Min Jian'ou 菜
Songxi 菜
Jianyang 菜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 配
Gutian 配飯菜
Fuding 乇配
Southern Min Xiamen 物配, 菜配, 菜
Quanzhou 物配, 菜
Yongchun 菜
Zhangzhou 物配
Singapore (Hokkien) 物配, 菜配
Manila (Hokkien) 物配
Longyan 配
Zhangping (Yongfu) 配
Chaozhou 物配
Jieyang 物配
Leizhou 物配, 配
Puxian Min Putian 物配
Central Min Yong'an 菜
Shaxian 配
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 配
Wu Shanghai 小菜
Suzhou 小菜
Jiaxing 鹹酸
Shaoxing 下飯
Ningbo 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
Zhoushan 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
Wenzhou 配, 餚配
Xiang Changsha 菜
Shuangfeng 菜
  • (cuisine): 餐 (cān)
  • (girlfriend):
Dialectal synonyms of 女朋友 (“girlfriend”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 女朋友, 女友
Mandarin Beijing 女朋友
Taiwan 女朋友, 女友, 馬子 humorous or derogatory
Chengdu 女娃子, 女娃娃, 女娃兒, 盤子
Guilin 𧊅
Xuzhou 女朋友
Nanjing 女朋友, 攀西
Singapore 女朋友
Cantonese Guangzhou 女朋友, 女
Hong Kong 女朋友, 女友, 女, 女女, 菜 derogatory
Taishan 女朋友, 女
Dongguan 皮油
Singapore (Guangfu) 女朋友
Hakka Meixian 女朋友
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 妹子朋友, 女朋友
Eastern Min Fuzhou 女朋友
Southern Min Xiamen 女朋友
Shishi 女朋友
Taipei 姼仔 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 查某朋友
Singapore (Hokkien) 查某朋友
Manila (Hokkien) 女朋友, 查某朋友
Chaozhou 女朋友
Haifeng 女朋友
Singapore (Teochew) 查某朋友
Leizhou 女朋友
Singapore (Hainanese) 女朋友
Wu Shanghai 女朋友
Suzhou 女朋友
Hangzhou 女朋友
Ningbo 女朋友
Zhoushan 女朋友
Xiang Changsha 妹子
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 菜
Kyūjitai
菜󠄁
菜+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
菜󠄄
菜+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
菜󠄃
菜+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

菜

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. greens; vegetables
  2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
  3. side dish

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菜
な
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *na.

Pronunciation

Noun

菜(な) • (na) 

  1. greens

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “菜”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital)
  3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

菜 (eumhun 나물 채 (namul chae))

  1. An edible plant or leaf of plant. greens; vegetables

Compounds

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

菜: Hán Nôm readings: cải, thái, thủy/thuỷ, linh, lê

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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